法律翻译批评主体的身份与资格问题

The Subject’s Identity and Qualification of Legal Translation Criticism

翻译批评主体是翻译批评研究的一个重要维度。传统翻译批评偏重文学领域,聚焦文本,因而往往将翻译批评主体归之于译者型、读者型、学者型,忽视了应用翻译批评的一些特征。法律翻译属于应用翻译,有关法律翻译批评主体的研究对于揭示应用翻译批评主体具有一定的代表性。本文聚焦法律翻译批评主体的身份及资格问题,认为传统翻译批评研究对于翻译批评主体的分类过于简单。本文指出,法律翻译批评的主体涉及面广,其主体身份与文学翻译批评主体不尽相同,双语能力以及专业知识不能作为法律翻译批评主体资格的必然要求,探讨翻译批评主体身份及资格问题应充分考虑特定语境下翻译批评的功能与目的。

Subject is an indispensable part of translation criticism.Traditional research on translation criticism emphasizes the literary field and focuses on the text,and thus the subject of translation criticism is often divided into translators,readers,and scholars.However,it is inapplicable to the pragmatic translation where legal translation belongs.Studies on the subject of legal translation criticism illustrate some features of the subject in the pragmatic translation.This paper takes legal translation as an example to explore the identity and qualification of the subject in translation criticism,and argues that the subject of legal translation criticism involves a wide range of subjects,and its identity is different from that of literary translation criticism.Bilingual ability and professional knowledge cannot be considered as necessary requirements for the qualification in all types of translation criticism.Instead,adequate consideration should be given to the specific functions and purposes of translation criticism in light of subject's identity and qualification.