脊柱椎间盘退变与高尿酸血症的相关性

Correlation between intervertebral disc degeneration and hyperuricemia

背景:高尿酸血症是常见的代谢性疾病,高尿酸血症患者以尿酸结晶形成导致痛风为主要临床表现。既往研究仅报道了尿酸结晶会导致脊柱椎间盘的退变,但关于高尿酸血症与脊柱椎间盘退变的相关性研究较少。目的:回顾性分析高尿酸血症患者脊柱椎间盘的退变特点以及血尿酸浓度与脊柱椎间盘退变的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月在西南医科大学附属医院骨科就诊并被诊断为脊柱椎间盘退变的所有患者,纳入97例高尿酸血症患者作为高尿酸血症组,然后根据性别、年龄按照1∶2进行匹配,将194例非高尿酸血症患者作为对照组。收集两组患者的血尿酸检验结果,并在全脊柱MRI图像上对两组患者的椎间盘退变程度进行Pfirrmann评分。比较两组患者椎间盘退变程度的差异,分析血尿酸浓度与椎间盘退变程度的相关性。结果与结论:①高尿酸血症组的椎间盘退变程度Pfirrmann评分大于对照组,且高尿酸血症组的椎间盘退变总数大于对照组,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);②Spearman相关分析显示,在高尿酸血症组内的多个节段,男性患者的椎间盘退变程度与血尿酸浓度呈正相关(C_(3/4):r=0.317,C_(4/5):r=0.333,C_(5/6):r=0.309,L_(2/3):r=0.443;P<0.05);女性患者的椎间盘退变程度也与血尿酸浓度呈正相关(C_(3/4):r=0.354,C_(4/5):r=0.388,C_(6/7):r=0.312,T_(7/8):r=0.282,T_(9/10):r=0.305,T_(11/12):r=0.277,L_(4/5):r=0.319,L_(5)-S_(1):r=0.367,P<0.05);③在对照组中,男性和女性患者的椎间盘退变程度与血尿酸浓度无明显相关性(P>0.05);④结果提示:在高尿酸血症患者中,血尿酸浓度越高,椎间盘退变程度越严重。因此,高尿酸血症是导致椎间盘退变的危险因素之一。

BACKGROUND:Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease,and the main clinical manifestation of patients with hyperuricemia is the formation of uric acid crystals leading to gout.Previous studies have only reported that uric acid crystals lead to intervertebral disc degeneration,but there are fewer studies on the correlation between hyperuricemia and intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with hyperuricemia and the correlation between serum uric acid level and intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed in all patients diagnosed with intervertebral disc degeneration admitted at the Department of Orthopedics,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022.There were 97 hyperuricemia patients in the hyperuricemia group and 194 non-hyperuricemia patients in the control group according to sex and age in a ratio of 1:2.Blood uric acid test results were collected,and Pfirrmann scoring was performed for the degree of disc degeneration in patients based on the whole spinal MRI images.The difference in the degree of disc degeneration between the two groups was compared,and the correlation between the serum uric acid level and the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration was analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Pfirrmann score in the hyperuricemia group was higher than that in the control group,and the total number of disc degeneration in the hyperuricemia group was also significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the degree of disc degeneration in male patients was positively correlated with serum uric acid level at many spinal segments in the hyperuricemia group(C_(3/4):r=0.317,C_(4/5):r=0.333,C_(5/6):r=0.309,L_(2/3):r=0.443,P<0.05);the degree of disc degeneration in female patients was also positively correlated with serum uric acid level(C_(3/4):r=0.354,C_(4/5):r=0.388,C_(6/7):r=0.312,T_(7/8):r=0.282,T_(9/10):r=0.305,T_(11/12):r=0.277,L_(4/5):r=0.319,L_(5)-S_(1):r=0.367,P<0.05).In the control group,there was no significant correlation between the degree of disc degeneration and serum uric acid level in male and female patients(P>0.05).To conclude,in patients with hyperuricemia,the higher serum uric acid level indicates the more serious intervertebral disc degeneration.Therefore,hyperuricemia is one of the risk factors for intervertebral disc degeneration.