长距离跑步着地模式运动生物力学特征的可视化分析

Visualization of the biomechanical characteristics of long-distance running landing patterns

背景:近年来,随着长距离健身跑的热度持续上升,相关的科学问题也有了更多的研究进展,其中长距离跑的着地模式在跑步技术层面上是一个重要的生物力学研究热点。目的:借助CiteSpace对相关文献进行可视化分析,对近10年来足着地模式为主题的文献进行梳理,明晰足着地模式的现状、热点和趋势。在此基础上,从生物力学角度对足着地模式的主要研究热点进行进一步讨论。方法:以“Foot strike pattern,Rearfoot strike,non-Rearfoot strike,Forefoot strike,Midfoot strike”作为英文关键词,在Web of Science核心集数据库中检索,对纳入文献采用CiteSpace软件进行可视化分析。结果与结论:①最终纳入896篇相关文献。年发文量总体呈上升趋势,发文量Top 3国家依次为美国、中国和英国;Top 3机构依次为哈佛大学、上海体育大学和马萨诸塞大学;Top 3作者依次为Davis Irene S,Hamill Joseph和傅维杰教授。②研究关键词以“裸足跑、跑者、损伤、足着地模式、运动学”出现频次较高,关键词聚类以“能量成本、负载率、足着地模式、危险因素、步态分析”研究至今仍持续火热。③详细分析上述数据后发现,近年来足着地模式整体研究热度保持稳定,热点主要集中于足着地模式的生物力学研究,此类研究趋势集中于不同着地模式(前足着地和后足着地)对于长距离跑者(裸足、穿鞋、距离、速度、损伤风险、跑步经济性和能量消耗等方面)的影响和适应性。④因此,目前研究提示,并无所谓“标准化最佳着地模式”,但可能存在“个性化最佳着地模式”,建议研究者未来要根据自己习惯方式、动作模式特征、运动水平以及任务属性进行有针对性的选择最优的着地模式和跑步技术策略,切勿生搬硬套。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,as the popularity of long-distance fitness running continues to rise,more research progress has been made on related scientific issues.Among them,the landing pattern of long-distance running is an important biomechanical research hotspot at the level of running technique.OBJECTIVE:Using CiteSpace to visualize and analyze the relevant literature,the article sorts through the last decade’s literature on the subject to identify the current state,hot spots,and trends in the footprint as well as to further discuss the main research hotspots of the foot strike pattern from a biomechanical perspective.METHODS:“Foot strike pattern,”“Rearfoot strike,”“non-Rearfoot strike,”“Forefoot strike”and“Midfoot strike”were used as keywords to search the Web of Science Core Collection database.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 896 relevant papers were finally included.The number of articles published in a year showed an overall upward trend.The top three countries in terms of the number of publications were the United States,China and the United Kingdom;the top three institutions were Harvard University,Shanghai University of Sports and the University of Massachusetts;and the top three authors were Davis Irene S,Hamill Joseph and Fu Weijie.The keywords“barefoot running,runner,injury,footing pattern,kinesiology”appear more frequently,and the keyword clusters include“energy cost,loading rate,footing pattern,risk factors,gait analysis”,and the relevant research still continues to be hot to this day.After analyzing the above data in detail,we found that the overall research intensity of foot strike pattern has remained stable in recent years,and the hotspot mainly focuses on the biomechanical research of foot strike pattern;the trend of this kind of research focuses on the influence and adaptability of different strike patterns(forefoot strike and rearfoot strike)on long-distance runners(barefoot,shoes,distance,speed,injury risk,running economy and energy consumption,etc.).Therefore,there is no“standardized optimal landing,”but there may be“individualized optimal landings.”It is suggested that researchers should select the optimal landing pattern and running technique strategy according to their own habitual way,movement pattern characteristics,exercise level and task attributes.