中国电商行业生产效率测度及其影响因素——基于2016—2021年省域数据的DEA和面板回归模型

Measurement and Influencing Factors of Production Efficiency in China's E-commerce Industry——DEA and Panel Regression Models Based on the Provincial Data from 2016 to 2021

以2016—2021年31省区市电商行业为样本,通过建立方向性距离函数DEA模型和回归模型,测算并识别出电商行业的生产效率及其影响因素。结果显示:我国省域电商行业生产综合效率和纯技术效率较低,出现投入冗余浪费和产出严重不足的问题;电商行业生产规模效率整体水平较高,企业能合理控制生产规模;现阶段规模化生产基本能满足电商企业的利润期许,但大部分地区电商企业已进入规模报酬递减阶段,需要在下一阶段控制生产规模。只有加大政府政策的支持力度,强化创新驱动引领,优化省域供应链和物流仓储,才能稳步提升电商行业生产效率,推动经济高质量发展。

Taking the e-commerce industry in 31 provinces,regions,and cities in China from 2016 to 2021 as a sample,this paper calculates and identifies the production efficiency and influencing factors of the e-commerce industry by establishing a directional distance function DEA model and a regression model.The results show that,firstly,the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency of the provincial e-commerce industry in China are relatively low,leading to problems of redundant input,waste,and serious insufficient output;secondly,the overall level of production scale efficiency in the ecommerce production is relatively high,and enterprises can reasonably control their production scale;and thirdly,at present,large-scale production can basically meet the profit expectations of e-commerce enterprises,but in most regions,e-commerce enterprises have entered the stage of diminishing returns to scale and need to control production scale in the next stage.Only by strengthening the support of government policies,reinforcing innovation-driven leadership,and optimizing provincial supply chains and logistics warehousing,can we steadily improve the production efficiency of the e-commerce industry and promote high-quality economic development.