挫折经历如何影响公众安全感?——基于10个城市调查数据的分析

The Impact of Frustration Experience on the Public Sense of Security——Analysis Based on Survey Data from 10 Megacities

公众安全感是衡量城市公共安全状况和评价政府对城市公共安全治理成效的一项重要指标。本文基于“挫折-侵犯”理论和差异化的信任机制模型构建挫折经历对公众安全感的影响路径,采用“2019年新时代特大城市居民生活状况调查”数据进行实证检验,研究发现:公众安全感呈现出个体安全感和社会安全感二维特征,公众遭遇挫折经历不仅会直接降低社会安全感,而且通过降低政府信任、政策认同和社会公平感,降低个体安全感和社会安全感。政府信任、政策认同和社会公平感在社会安全感的影响路径中存在差异化效应,表现为政治信任的“对称性原则”和政策认同的“不对称性原则”。社会公平感成为挫折经历降低个体安全感和社会安全感的重要桥梁。因此,培育风险沟通机制,拓展政策信息获取渠道,增进公众的政策认知能力,构建风险分担和利益分配机制,对保障公众的安全感具有重要现实意义。

Public sense of security is an important index to measure urban public security and evaluate the effect of government on urban public security governance.Based on the"frustration-aggression"theory and the differentiated trust mechanismmodel,this paper constructs a path of the impact of frustration experience on the public sense of security,and adopts the data of"2019 New Era Living Conditions Survey of Megacities"to conduct an empirical study.It is found that the public sense of security presents two dimensions of individual sense of security and social sense of security.The public frustration experience directly reduces the social sense of security,and both the individual sense of security and social sense of security are reduced by reducing government trust,policy identification and sense of social justice.Government trust,policy identification and social justice have differentiated effects on the influence path of public sense of security.Among them,there are"symmetry principle"of government trust and"asymmetry principle"of policy identification in the influence path of social security.The sense of social justice has become an important bridge for frustration experience to reduce individual sense of security and social sense of security.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to cultivate a risk communication mechanism,expand access to policy information,enhance the public's ability to perceive policies,and build a risk sharing and benefit distribution mechanism to ensure the public sense of security.