抵制与反制:反外国制裁法境外实体的法律适用——以“新疆棉事件”的法治破局为例

Fighting back the Boycott:The Legal Application of the Law against Foreign Sanctions to Overseas Entities——Taking the Legal Breakthrough of the"Xinjiang Cotton Incident"as an Example

作为境外实体,瑞士良好棉花发展协会(Better Cotton Initiative,BCI)对良好棉花的认证程序与认证标准包含诸多主观因素,所谓“调查工作组”的人员构成足以证明其关于“新疆棉”的结论具有明显的政治干预色彩。BCI对“新疆棉”的抵制行为已构成歧视性限制措施,旨在补充美国对华制裁广度和深度,是一种特殊形式的对华“贸易战”。BCI属于国际非政府组织,不具备国际法主体资格,从而游离于国际法规则的管制之外。但其抵制行为已构成对《反外国制裁法》第4条和第15条的违反,从而适用于该法规范的外国行为予以调整。相关部门可依据该法及相关法律,将BCI列入反制清单、不可靠实体清单,并采取相应的法律制裁。我国受损企业或个人亦可依法向人民法院提起诉讼,请求停止侵害并赔偿损失。

As an overseas entity,the Swiss Better Cotton Initiative(BCI)contains many subjective factors in its certification procedures and standards for good cotton,and the composition of the so-called"investigation working group"is sufficient to prove that its conclusion on"Xinjiang cotton"has obvious political interference.BCI's boycott of"Xinjiang cotton"has constituted a discriminatory restriction measure,which aims to supplement US sanctions against China,and so it essentially is a special form of"trade war"against China.BCI is an international non-governmental organization and does not have the qualification of the subject of international law,so it dissociates from the control of the rules of international law.However,its boycott has constituted a violation of articles 4 and 15 of the Law against Foreign Sanctions,which is applicable to foreign acts regulated by the law.Based on this,the relevant departments may include BCI in the counter-list and the list of unreliable entities in accordance with the law and relevant laws,and take corresponding legal sanctions.The damaged enterprises or individuals in China can also bring a lawsuit to the people's court in accordance with the law,requesting to stop the infringement and compensate for the losses.