黄土高原区大中型水库清淤方案研究

Research on Desilting Scheme for Large and Medium-Sized Reservoirs in the Loess Plateau Area

陕西省陕北黄土高原区位于我国水土流失最为严重、且较为缺水的地区,水库淤积问题导致水库兴利功能弱化,供水、防洪及生态保障能力下降,工程效益衰减,制约着区域经济社会发展。水库传统加坝方式受到地形、地质、移民、土地、文物及环境等因素影响,不易实施。因此开展现有水库清淤扩容无疑是解决陕北水资源短缺问题一项更为经济高效的措施。在国内清淤工程实践中,黄土高原区尚无较为成熟的施工经验可借鉴。基于陕西省延安市王瑶水库扩容清淤工程实例,从水库清淤规模确定、清淤工艺、淤泥资源化利用等方面出发,探究黄土高原大中型水库清淤设计方案,可为同类水库工程清淤和资源化利用的新模式提供技术和经验参考。

The loess plateau area of northern Shaanxi Province is located in the most serious soil erosion and water shortage area in China.The siltation of reservoir weakens the beneficial function of reservoir,decreases the ability of water supply,flood control and ecological protection,decreases the engineering benefit,and restricts the regional economic and social development.The traditional dam filling method of reservoir is not easy to implement due to the influence of terrain,geology,migration,land,cultural relics and environment.Therefore,the expansion of existing reservoirs is undoubtedly a more economical and efficient measure to solve the problem of water shortage in northern Shaanxi.In the practice of dredging engineering in China,there is no mature construction experience for reference in loess plateau area.Based on the example of the desilting project of Wangyao Reservoir in Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province,the desilting design scheme of large and medium-sized reservoirs on the Loess Plateau was explored from the aspects of the determination of reservoir desilting scale,desilting process and sludge resource utilization,etc.,to provide technical and empirical reference for the new mode of desilting and resource utilization of similar reservoirs.