基于GPU并行加速变压器二维瞬态流场问题的研究及应用

Research and Application of Two-dimensional Transient Velocity Field in Transformer Based on GPU Parallel Acceleration

针对采用无量纲最小二乘有限元法计算变压器二维瞬态流体场问题时计算时间长,效率低的问题,拟采用GPU对瞬态流体场程序进行并行加速。将瞬态流体场计算程序中计算量最大的两部分,即单元刚度阵的形成和稀疏线性方程组的求解,移植到GPU上运算,从而大幅减少计算时间。同时采用十字链表法和CSR稀疏存储结构存储方程组稀疏矩阵中的非零元素,以降低内存消耗。使用方腔驱动流模型验证了GPU并行程序的有效性,并且并行程序加速比随方腔模型规模的增大而增大。将GPU并行程序应用于变压器绕组模型的瞬态流体场仿真分析,分析结果表明,相较于串行程序,GPU并行程序加速比达到16倍左右。论文所实现的基于GPU并行计算方法为产品级变压器瞬态流体场仿真奠定了基础。

In order to solve the problem of long calculation time and low efficiency when using dimensionless least square finite element method to calculate the two-dimensional transient flow field of transformer,GPU was proposed to accelerate the transient fluid field program in parallel.The two most computation-intensive parts of the transient fluid field calculation program,namely the formation of element stiffness matrix and the solution of sparse linear equations,were transplanted to GPU for calculation,thus greatly reducing the calculation time.Meanwhile,the cross-linked list method and CSR sparse storage structure were adopted to store the nonzero elements in the sparse matrix of the equations to reduce memory consumption.The square-cavity driver flow model was used to verify the effectiveness of GPU parallel program,and the speedup radio of parallel program increased with the size of cavity model scale.The GPU parallel program was applied to the transient fluid field simulation analysis of transformer winding model and the analysis results show that the acceleration ratio of GPU parallel program reaches about 16 times compared with serial program.The GPU-based parallel computing method implemented in this paper lays a foundation for the transient fluid field simulation of product-grade transformer.