爆炸暴露对大鼠颅脑损伤急性和慢性期神经行为的影响研究

Neurobehavioral effects of explosion exposure on acute and chronic traumatic brain injury in rats

目的利用神经行为学实验对大鼠神经损伤的效果进行探究,以期为爆炸暴露下颅脑损伤机制的进一步明确提供模型和思路。方法于2021年5月至2022年8月,选择160只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,利用生物激波管平台模拟爆炸超压为60、90和120 kPa的冲击波参数,建立大鼠爆炸性脑损伤(bTBI)模型,将大鼠随机分为对照组、60 kPa组(低强度组)、90 kPa组(中强度组)和120 kPa组(高强度组)。分别于爆炸暴露24 h和7 d后进行急性观察,于28和90 d后进行慢性恢复期观察。通过旷场、明暗穿梭、主动回避等行为学实验探讨冲击波脑损伤在不同情况下的时间效应,通过病理组织染色检测大鼠脑损伤结果。结果爆炸暴露24 h后,与对照组比较,低、高强度组大鼠休息时间增加,总运动距离减少,访问暗箱次数减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);暴露7 d后,与对照组比较,高强度组大鼠休息时间增加,访问暗箱次数减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。暴露28 d和90 d以后,与对照组比较,各强度组大鼠休息时间、总运动距离和访问暗箱次数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。爆炸暴露24 h后,与对照组比较,各强度组大鼠细胞形态正常,未见炎性细胞浸润。结论爆炸暴露急性期(24 h),大鼠对外界没有探索欲望,冲击波暴露可能具有损伤大鼠神经功能的作用。

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of nerve injury in rats by neurobehavioral experiments,in order to provide a model and idea for further clarification of the traumatic brain injury mechanism under explosion exposure.MethodsFrom May 2021 to August 2022,160 SPF male rats were randomly divided into four groups,including control group,60 kPa group(low intensity group),90 kPa group(medium intensity group)and 120 kPa group(high intensity group).The blast induced traumatic brain injury(bTBI)model of rats was established by using the shock tube platform to simulate the shock wave parameters of the explosion overpressure of 60 kPa,90 kPa and 120 kPa.Acute observation was carried out after 24 h and 7 d of explosive exposure,and chronic recovery observation was carried out after 28 d and 90 d.The time effect of shock wave brain injury in different situations was discussed by open field,light dark test,active avoidance test.Finally,the results of brain injury in rats were detected by pathological tissue staining.ResultsAfter 24 h explosion exposure,compared with the control group,the rest time of rats in low and high intensity groups increased,the total movement distance decreased,and the number of visits to the camera obscura decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).After 7 days of exposure,compared with the control group,the rest time of rats in high intensity group increased,and the number of visits to the obscura decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).After 28 and 90 days of exposure,compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in rest time,total exercise distance and times of visiting the camera obscura in all intensity groups(P>0.05).After 24 h of explosive exposure,compared with the control group,the cell morphology of rats in each intensity group was normal,and no inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.ConclusionIn the acute phase(24 h)of blast exposure,rats have no desire to explore the outside world,and shock wave exposure may damage the neurological function of rats.