恶性胸膜间皮瘤免疫组织化学诊断标志物的研究进展

Research progress on immunohistochemical diagnostic markers for malignant pleural mesothelioma

恶性胸膜间皮瘤(malignant pleural mesothelioma,MPM)是来源于胸膜的恶性肿瘤,起病隐匿,局部侵袭性强,生存期短,预后较差,临床诊断对其治疗及预后具有重要意义。目前,确诊MPM的金标准为组织病理学检查结果。免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)是病理诊断较为有效的辅助手段,初步检查可使用2个阳性标志物和2个阴性标志物区分胸膜转移性肿瘤,并根据鉴别诊断选择补充抗体。IHC标志物的联合使用在MPM与其他肿瘤之间的鉴别诊断中起着至关重要的作用。本文主要介绍MPM中常用的IHC标志物以及新型IHC标志物在筛查和鉴别诊断中的研究进展,旨在为MPM临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据。

Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM)is a malignant tumor originating from the pleura,characterized by insidious onset,strong local invasiveness,short survival period,and poor prognosis.Clinical diagnosis is of paramount importance for the treatment and prognosis of MPM.Currently,the gold standard for diagnosing MPM is the results of histopathological examinations.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)is an effective auxiliary method in pathological diagnosis.Preliminary examinations can use two positive markers and two negative markers to distinguish pleural metastatic tumors,with additional antibodies selected based on differential diagnosis.The combined use of IHC markers plays a crucial role in the differential diagnosis between MPM and other tumors.This article primarily introduces commonly used IHC markers in MPM and the research progress of novel IHC markers in screening and differential diagnosis,aiming to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MPM.