感知年龄歧视在农村老年人疏离感与老化期望间的中介作用

Mediating role of perceived ageism between alienation and expectation regarding aging among rural seniors

目的 探讨感知年龄歧视在农村老年人疏离感与老化期望间的中介作用,为维护农村老年人心理健康提供具体对策,进一步推进健康老龄化提供参考依据。方法 2021年7—9月,采用便利抽样法,选取湖南省6个乡村共437名老年人作为调查对象,应用感知年龄歧视调查表、一般疏离感量表、老化期望量表进行调查。结果 农村老年人老化期望总得分M(P25,P75)为67.00(61.00,74.00)分,感知年龄歧视总分为1.00(1.00,4.00)分,疏离感总分为(33.29±10.44)分,感知年龄歧视、疏离感与老化期望均呈负相关(r=-0.303、-0.477,均P<0.01),感知年龄歧视与疏离感呈正相关(r=0.425,P<0.01)。感知年龄歧视在农村老年人疏离感、老化期望间具有部分中介作用,间接效应占总效应的18.25%。结论 农村老年人老化期望水平处于中等水平,疏离感与感知年龄歧视是老化期望的重要影响因素,且感知年龄歧视在疏离感对老化期望的影响间起到中介作用。因此,国家应当推进一系列反歧视措施,社会也应当加大尊老爱老的风气宣传,政府应定期筛查存在疏离感的老年群体,保障老年人的心理健康。农村基层工作者应当引导老人之间形成社会互动关系来实现生命意义,农村老年人应积极培养参与社会实践的热情,以积极的态度面对年龄歧视。在多方面共同努力下,提升老年人的老化期望水平,推进健康老龄化。

Objective To explore the mediating role of perceived ageism between alienation and expectation regarding aging of rural seniors,provide specific countermeasures for maintaining the mental health of rural seniors,and provide a reference basis for further promoting healthy aging. Methods By using the method of convenient sampling,437 seniors from six villages in Hunan Province were selected as the subjects of the survey from July to September 2021. The investigation was performed by the perceived ageism questionnaire,alienation scale and aging expectation scale. Results The total score [M(P25,P75)] of the aging expectation of the rural elderly was [67.00(61.00,74.00)]points,the total score of perceived ageism was [1.00(1.00,4.00)]points,and the total score of alienation was(33.29±10.44)points. The perceived ageismand alienation were negatively correlated with aging expectation(r=-0.303,-0.477,both P<0.01),and perceived ageism was positively correlated with alienation(r=0.425,P<0.01). The perceived ageism partially mediated the alienation and aging expectation of the rural elderly,and the indirect effect accounted for 18.25% of the total effect. Conclusions The level of expectation regarding aging of rural seniors is in the middle level,alienation and perceived ageism are important influencing factors of expectation regarding aging,and perceived ageism plays an intermediary role in the influence of alienation on expectation regarding aging. Therefore,the state should promote a series of anti-discrimination measures,the society should also increase the publicity of respecting and loving the elderly,and the government should regularly screen the alienated seniors groups to ensure the mental health of seniors.The rural grass-roots workers should guide the formation of social interaction among seniors to achieve the meaning of life,and the rural seniors should actively cultivate their enthusiasm to participate in social practice and face age discrimination with a positive attitude. With the joint efforts of many aspects,it is achievable to raise the expectation regarding aging level of seniors and promote healthy aging.