丘陵山区马铃薯低损联合收获机优化设计

Optimization design of low-loss potato combine harvester in hilly mountainous areas

为解决丘陵山区人工或挖掘式收获方法劳动强度大、生产效率低,大中型联合收获机适用性有限、损伤大等问题,提出一种“低速缓震分离+人工捡拾分离”协同作业模式的轻简型马铃薯联合收获机。基于土壤破碎机理和离散元分析,研发仿形减阻挖掘铲,具有土壤破碎应力集中、水平方向牵引阻力小、铲片脱土能力强的特点,实现粘重土壤条件下挖掘铲作业低耗高效的目标。机器由人工将马铃薯从秧蔓及土块杂质中捡拾至输送通道,缩短了传统联合收获机分离输送距离,减小薯块碰撞和跌落次数,大大降低了收获损伤,实现了丘陵山区马铃薯低损联合收获。

In order to solve the problems of manual or excavation harvesting,high labor intensity and low productivity,and high breakage rate and damage of large and medium-sized combine harvesters,a light and simple potato combine harvester with"low-speed jogging separation+manual picking separation"synergistic operation mode was proposed.Based on soil breakage mechanism and discrete element analysis,the simulated drag reduction excavating shovel was developed,which had the features of concentrated soil crushing stress,low horizontal traction resistance and strong soil removal ability.The machine was manually picking potatoes from seedlings and soil impurities to the conveying channel,which shortened the separation and conveying distance of the traditional combine harvester,reduced the number of potato block collisions and falls,greatly reduced the harvest damage,and realized low loss of potato combined harvest in hilly and mountainous areas.