固有免疫在EB病毒感染中的作用研究进展

Advances in the role of innate immunity in Epstein-Barr virus infection

EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus, EBV)是一种在世界范围人群中普遍易感的双链DNA疱疹病毒, 主要感染B细胞和上皮细胞, 具有潜伏与转化的特征。固有免疫应答是抵御EBV的第一道防线, 特别是Ⅰ型干扰素的免疫应答和先天细胞毒性淋巴细胞的直接细胞杀伤作用, 对于最初控制病毒感染和随后激活适应性免疫应答至关重要。固有免疫应答与EBV的免疫逃逸机制之间存在微妙平衡, 平衡的打破与EBV相关疾病的发生及预后相关, 更好地了解这种平衡机制将指导EBV相关疾病的预防和靶向治疗。该文对固有免疫细胞(上皮细胞、单核/树突状细胞、NK细胞、γδT细胞、NKT细胞)及Ⅰ型干扰素在EBV感染中的作用及EBV的免疫逃逸机制进行综述。

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is a double-stranded DNA herpes virus that is universally susceptible to human populations worldwide.It mainly infects B cells and epithelial cells and has the characteristics of incubation and transformation.The innate immune response is the first line of defense against EBV.In particular,the immune response of typeⅠinterferons and the direct cell-killing effects of innate cytotoxic lymphocyte are essential for initial control of viral infection and subsequent activation of adaptive immune responses.There is a delicate balance between innate immune response and immune escape of EBV,and the breakdown of the balance is related to the occurrence and prognosis of EBV-related diseases.A better understanding of this balance mechanism will guide the prevention and targeted therapy of EBV-related diseases.This article reviews the role of innate immune cells(epithelial cells,mononuclear/dendritic cells,NK cells,γδT cells,NKT cells)and typeⅠinterferon in EBV infection and the immune escape mechanism of EBV.