发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒在不同环境条件下的稳定性研究

Comparative Study on the Environmental Stability of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

为评估发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,SFTSV)在环境中的稳定性,本研究比较分析了实验室制备的SFTSV在不同介质表面的稳定性以及温度、自然通风干燥和常用酒精消毒剂等因素对其生存能力的影响。不同时间点收获的病毒样本,通过接种于Vero细胞中传代培养、空斑试验和实时荧光定量RT-PCR等方法测定病毒的感染性、滴度和复制培养过程中的动态变化。结果显示,在室温(约25℃)自然通风干燥条件下,不同介质表面的SFTSV感染性快速下降,在硬币、塑料等介质表面的病毒感染性可维持24 h,但病毒感染性滴度24 h内显著下降分别约10^(4.46)倍和10^(4.6)倍,在无纺布和纸张表面的病毒感染性滴度在6 h内就下降分别约10^(3.82)倍和10^(4.12)倍。如果将SFTSV置于密闭湿润环境中,病毒感染性可维持长时间的稳定性,24 h病毒感染性滴度下降不明显,1周内下降约10^(1.49)倍,在3周时仍可通过细胞培养分离到感染性病毒颗粒,4周后失去了感染性;而SFTSV处于4℃时,感染性保持相对稳定性,在4周后,病毒感染性滴度下降仅约10^(2.09)倍,可通过细胞分离培养扩增病毒。使用酒精消毒剂对物体表面消毒时受SFTSV在物体表面的状态影响,当病毒处于干燥状态时,喷洒70%酒精可灭活病毒,如果处于湿润状态则不能有效灭活病毒。本研究比较研究了不同环境条件下SFTSV的稳定性,显示了环境材料性质、自然通风干燥程度、温度对SFTSV感染性的影响,有助于增进对SFTSV接触传播风险的理解,为完善SFTSV防控措施提供了参考依据。

This study aimed to evaluate the stability of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV) in the environment by comparing the viral stability on different surfaces and the effects of temperature,natural ventilation,and alcohol disinfectants on its survival.Virus samples collected at different time points were tested for infectivity,titer,and dynamic changes during replication by inoculating into Vero cells,plaque assay,and real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Results showed that the infectivity of SFTSV on different surfaces rapidly decreased under natural ventilation and drying conditions at room temperature(about 25℃).The virus' s infectivity on surfaces such as coins and plastics could be maintained for 24 hours,but the infectivity titer decreased significantly by about 104.46 and 104.6 fold within 24 hours.The infectivity titer of the virus on Nonwoven cloth and paper surfaces decreased by about 103.82 and 104.12 fold,respectively,within 6 hours.If the SFTSV on the surface of the medium was placed in a closed and humid environment,the infectivity could be maintained for a long time.The infectivity titer decreased significantly by about 101.49 fold within 1 week,but infectious virus particles could still be isolated by cell culture after 3 weeks.After 4 weeks,the virus lost its infectivity.When SFTSV was at 4℃,the infectivity remained relatively stable.The infectivity titer decreased by only about 102.09 fold after 4 weeks,and the virus could be amplified by cell isolation and culture.The use of alcohol disinfectants on the surface of objects was affected by the state of SFTSV on the surface.When the virus was in a dry state,spraying 70% alcohol could inactivate the virus,but it could not effectively inactivate the virus in a wet state.This study compared the stability of SFTSV under different environmental conditions,showing the effects of environmental material properties,natural ventilation and drying degree,and temperature on the infectivity of SFTSV.It helps to understand the risk of SFTSV contact transmission and provides a reference for improving SFTSV prevention and control measures.