人巨细胞病毒编码的趋化因子及其受体同源物参与病毒免疫逃逸新进展

Research Advances in the Involvement of Human Cytomegalovirus-encoded Chemokines and Their Receptor Homologs in Viral Immune Escape

人巨细胞病毒(Human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)在人群中的感染率高,在正常人体内该病毒IgG抗体呈现阳性者占60%~100%,但并不具有明显的保护作用。HCMV侵入人体后能感染体内多种组织细胞,如上皮细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞和免疫细胞等,并长期潜伏于体内,具有典型潜伏再激活的感染特征。研究发现,该病毒在感染机体过程中,病毒基因US27、US28、UL33、UL78、UL128、UL146和UL147等能够编码多种趋化因子同源物和趋化因子受体同源物等免疫活性分子进入免疫细胞,干扰机体的正常免疫功能,以达到免疫逃逸的目的。它们不仅是病毒潜伏感染和播散的物质基础,也在多种疾病的发生或发展中发挥了重要作用。本文综述了HCMV编码的趋化因子及其受体同源物的免疫调控及其机制研究进展,探讨该病毒与宿主免疫的相互作用过程及其结局,为更好地开发新的抗病毒疗法、设计更加高效安全的HCMV疫苗提供新思路。

Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)has high infection rate in the population 60%~100%of normal people are positive for IgG antibody against the virus,but the antibody does not show obvious protective effect.After invading the human body,HCMV can infect a variety of tissue cells,such as epithelial cells,endothelial cells,fibroblasts,and immune cells,etc.and is latent in the body for a long time with typical characteristics of latent reactivation infection..It was found that during the infection of the virus,the viral genes US27,US28,UL33,UL78,UL128,UL146 and UL147 encode a variety of immunologically active molecules,such as chemokine homologues and chemokine receptor homologues,which enter the immune cells and interfere with the normal immune function of the body,so as to achieve the immune escape.They are not only the material basis for latent infection and dissemination of the virus,but also play important roles in the occurrence or development of many diseases.In this paper,we review the research progress on immune regulation and the mechanism of HCMV-encoded chemokines and their receptor homologs,and explore the process of interaction between this virus and host immunity and the outcome,so as to provide new ideas for development of new antiviral therapies and design of more efficient and safer HCMV vaccines.