热液、冷泉、深渊和极地海洋极端环境中噬菌体宏基因组研究进展

Advances in Metagenomic Studies About Phages in Hydrothermal Vents,Cold Seeps,Hadal Zones and Polar Regions

海洋极端环境中存在着丰富的微生物类群,这些独特的生态系统为研究微生物群落的结构、功能和进化提供了良好的机会。噬菌体作为地球上最丰富的生物实体,在海洋微生物群落调控、基因转移、代谢重编程、物质循环和能量代谢中起着重要作用。本文综述了近年来在热液、冷泉、深渊和极地四种海洋极端环境中噬菌体宏基因组的研究进展,探究了噬菌体在四种不同生境中的群落组成、生活方式、与宿主的相互作用和功能基因等,发现在不同的海洋极端环境中噬菌体存在着区别和相似性,以期为未来海洋极端环境中噬菌体的研究提供新的思路。

There are abundant microbial groups in extreme marine environments,and these unique ecosystems offer a tremendous opportunity for investigating the structure,function and evolution of microbial communities.As the most abundant biological entities on the earth,phages play important roles in marine microbial community regulation,gene transfer,metabolic reprogramming,material recycling and energy metabolite.In this paper,we reviewed the recent progress of metagenomic studies on phages in hydrothermal vents,cold seeps,hadal zones and polar regions,and explored the community composition,life style,interaction with the host and functional genes of phages in four different habitats.We found that there were differences and similarities among phages in different extreme marine environments,so as to provide a new idea for the study of phages in extreme marine environment in the future.