培养基组分及pH对油茶花粉离体萌发的影响

Medium Components and pH on Pollen Germination of Camellia oleifera in Vitro

为探究培养基组分及pH对油茶花粉离体萌发的影响,本试验以信阳地区主栽长林系列4个油茶品种为试验材料,采用半固体培养进行单因素试验,研究不同浓度的钙、镁、钾、尿素及pH对油茶花粉离体萌发率和花粉管伸长的影响。结果表明:钙对长林系列油茶花粉的萌发率和花粉管伸长均有显著影响(P<0.05),在浓度为100 mg/L时对萌发率促进效果最佳,在浓度为2 400 mg/L时对花粉管伸长促进效果最佳;长林系列油茶的花粉管长度随镁、钾浓度的增加整体呈先增加后降低的趋势,镁在浓度为2 400 mg/L时对花粉管长度及花粉萌发率均表现出强烈的抑制效果,钾对‘长林3号’‘、长林4号’‘、长林40号’的花粉萌发率的影响均不显著;pH对长林系列4种油茶品种的花粉管长度均有显著影响;尿素对长林系列4种油茶品种花粉萌发的影响相较其他因素较小。培养基中钙浓度为2400mg/L,镁浓度在200~400mg/L,钾浓度在200~400 mg/L,尿素浓度为200 mg/L,p H值为6.5时适合油茶花粉管伸长;钙浓度为100 mg/L,镁浓度为200 mg/L时适合花粉萌发。本研究结果为油茶人工授粉和促进油茶花粉萌发和花粉管生长的营养液配制提供参考依据。

In order to explore the ef fects of mudium components and pH on in vitro germination of Camellia oleifera pollen,in this experiment,four C.oleifera varieties in Changlin series mainly planting in Xinyang area were used as experimental materials and single factor test was used for studying the effects of different concentrations of calcium,magnesium,potassium,urea and pH on pollen germination rate and pollen tube elongation in semi-solid culture.The results showed that calcium had significant effects on pollen germination rate and pollen tube elongation of Changlin series oil tea(P<0.05).Calcium had the best promotion effect on germination rate at 100 mg/L,and the best promotion effect on pollen tube elongation at 2 400 mg/L;the pollen tube length of Changlin series C.oleifera pollens initially increased and then decreased with the increase of magnesium and potassium concentration.When Mg concentration was 2 400 mg/L,it showed a strong inhibitory effect on pollen tube length and pollen germination rate,while potassium had no significant effect on pollen germination rate of 'Changlin 3','Changlin 4'and 'Changlin 40';p H had significant effect on pollen tube length of the four C.oleifera varieties in Changlin series;the effect of urea on pollen germination of four Camellia varieties in Changlin series was smaller than other factors.When calcium concentration was 2 400 mg/L,magnesium concentration was 200~400 mg/L,potassium concentration was 200~400 mg/L,urea concentration was 200 mg/L and pH value was 6.5,it is suitable for pollen tube elongation;calcium concentration of 100 mg/L and magnesium concentration of 200 mg/L are suitable for pollen germination.The results of this study provided reference for artificial pollination of C.oleifera and the preparation of nutrient solution to promote pollen germination and pollen tube growth.