不同栽培措施下松嫩盐碱区苜蓿生产性能及土壤特性

Production Performance of Alfalfa and Soil Properties under Different Cultivation Patterns in Songnen Saline-alkaline Region

为了研究不同栽培条件下苜蓿在苏打盐碱地上生长情况及对土壤特性的影响,得出最佳栽培组合,以‘公农1号’紫花苜蓿为材料,采用四因素三水平正交试验,对比不同播种方式、播种量、施N肥量、施P肥量下苜蓿草产量、营养品质及土壤有机质含量、pH等特性。结果表明:苜蓿草产量及品质以A_(1)B_(3)C_(3)D_(3)处理组合最佳,即撒播(A_(1))、播种量18.00 kg/hm^(2)(B_(3))、施N量100.00 kg/hm^(2)(C_(3))、施P量67.50 kg/hm^(2)(D_(3))。种植当年鲜重最高为580.00 g/m^(2),干重为218.65 g/m^(2);粗蛋白含量达到23.09%,高于其他各组。播种量和播种方式对苜蓿草产量影响较大,其次是磷肥,氮肥对草产量影响很小。施肥可以提高苜蓿品质,施磷肥的作用大于施氮肥。土壤特性分析显示,随土层深入各处理组土壤全磷(total phosphorus,TP)、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)、有机质(organic matter,SOM)含量逐渐降低,土壤pH和电导率逐渐变大。种植苜蓿可以增加SOM含量,降低土壤电导率和pH值,与对照组相比各处理组0~10 cm土层SOM含量平均增加74.27%,pH降低1.69%,电导率降低52.87%;施磷肥对0~10 cm土层TP含量有明显的提高作用。不同栽培措施对苜蓿生产性能影响很大,提高种植密度可以增加草产量,施肥可以提高苜蓿品质,种植苜蓿可以改变苏打盐碱土壤理化性质,改善土壤质量。

In order to study the growth of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) in soda saline-alkali soil under different cultivation conditions and its influence on soil characteristics,and to get the best combination of cultivation.The study used 'Gongnong No.1' alfalfa as material,researched the yield and quanlity of alfalfa and soil charateristics i.e.organic mater content,p H under different sowing methods,sowing amount,N fertilizer and P fertilizer with four-factor three-level orthogonal test.The results showed that the best combination was A_1B_3C_3D_3,that was,broadcast sowing(A_1),with sowing amount of 18.00 kg/hm2(B_3),N fertilizer of 100.00 kg/hm^(2)(C_3),and P fertilizer of 67.50 kg/hm^(2)(D_3).The yield of alfalfa during the first year was the highest with the maximum fresh weight of 580.00 g/m^(2),and the maximum dry weight of 218.65 g/m^(2).The crude protein content of A_1B_3C_3D_(3) was 23.09%,which was higher than the other treatments.The yield was significantly affected by the amount and method of sowing,followed by phosphate fertilizer,while nitrogen fertilizer has little effect.Fertilization could improve the quality of alfalfa,and the effect of phosphorus fertilizer was greater than that of nitrogen fertilizer.Soil characteristics analysis showed that the contents of total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN) and organic matter(SOM) in each treatment group decreased gradually as the soil layer deepened,and soil pH and electrical conductivity increased gradually.The plantation of alfalfa can increase the content of SOM,reduce soil electrical conductivity and pH.Compared with the control treatment,the SOM content increased by 74.27%,the pH decreased by 1.69%,and the electrical conductivity decreased by 52.87% in 0~10 cm soil layer.And the application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the TP content in 0~10 cm soil layer.Different cultivation measures had great influence on alfalfa production performance.Increasing planting density can increase grass yield,fertilization can improve alfalfa quality.Moreover,the plantation of alfalfa can change the physical and chemical properties of soda saline soil and improve soil quality.