2015-2020年江西省学校结核病防控工作情况调查分析

Investigation of performance of tuberculosis prevention and control in schools in Jiangxi,2015−2020

目的调查“十三五”期间江西省学校结核病防控措施落实及新生入学结核病筛查情况,为优化学校结核病防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机和典型抽样结合的方法抽取江西省的35所初中、37所高中、12所大学,开展现场问卷调查,对数据进行描述性分析和χ^(2)检验。结果配置了卫生人员/保健老师的学校比例为75.00%;大学、高中和初中学校卫生人员参加培训比例分别为83.33%、45.95%和65.71%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.211,P=0.045);2015—2020年期间,各教育阶段学校新生结核病筛查率呈现逐年上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)值分别为21734.383、1054.977、9134.017、492.806;均P<0.001),而各教育阶段新生结核病规范筛查率均出现先下降后上升的趋势(趋势χ^(2)值分别为17914.123、1774.853、16119.091、82321.455;均P<0.001);结论江西省入学新生结核病筛查率呈现逐年上升的趋势,但学校结核病防控工作仍存在薄弱环节,争取政策和经费支持、增加学校卫生人员配置并强化知识培训、加强并规范入学新生结核病筛查工作,是未来学校结核病防控工作努力的方向。

Objective To investigate the performance of tuberculosis(TB)prevention and control and TB screening in freshmen in schools in Jiangxi province during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and provide scientific basis for the improvement of TB prevention and control in schools.Methods Stratified random sampling and typical sampling methods were used to select 35 junior high schools,37 senior high schools and 12 universities in Jiangxi to conduct on-site questionnaire surveys.Descriptive analysis andχ^(2)test were performed on the data.Results Up to 75.00%of the schools had school doctors/health teachers.The proportions of trained health care workers in universities,senior high schools and junior high schools was 83.33%,45.95%and 65.71%,respectively,the differences were significant(χ^(2)=6.211,P=0.045).From 2015 to 2020,the overall TB screening rate in freshmen showed an increasing trend year by year(Trendχ^(2)=21734.383,1054.977,9134.017,492.806,respectively,all P<0.001),while the standardized screening rate of TB showed a decrease trend first and then an increase trend(Trendχ^(2)=17914.123,1774.853,16119.091,82321.455,respectively,all P<0.001).Conclusion The TB screening rate in freshmen in Jiangxi showed an increase trend year by year,but there are still some problems in the TB prevention and control in schools.Increasing policy and financial supports,improving the allocation and training of school health care workers and strengthening and standardizing the TB screening in freshmen are important for the TB prevention and control in schools and control efforts in the future.