论双碳目标下国家温室气体减排义务

On National Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligations within the Context of Dual Carbon Target

国家温室气体减排是国家对于温室气体排放应尽的职责和义务。履行国家温室气体减排义务是我国履行国际气候公约、推进气候治理、建立气候命运共同体的应然选择。国家温室气体减排义务面临虚置化的可能,其制度层面的原因在于国家温室气体减排义务的法律依据不足、义务履行主体间尚未形成合力和减排手段不完善。为履行国家温室气体减排义务,兑现减排承诺,需要在公民基本环境权益—宪法减排义务逻辑下建构国家温室气体减排义务。明确双碳目标下国家温室气体减排义务的法律依据,建立政府、企业以及社会力量多主体协同的主体架构,为国家温室气体减排提供体制保障,完善温室气体减排的强制与激励措施,健全国家温室气体减排义务履行责任机制以实现双碳目标。

The national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligation is the responsibility and obligation of the country for greenhouse gas emissions.Fulfilling this obligation is an optimal choice for China as it seeks to fulfill the International Climate Convention,promote Climate Governance,and establish a climate community with a shared future for mankind.However,the national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligation is facing the possibility of nullification.The institutional reasons lie in the lack of a legal basis for the national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligation,the lack of joint force among the subjects of obligation performance and the imperfect means of emission reduction.To effectively fulfill the national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations and meet emission reduction commitments,it is necessary to establish the national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations under the logic of citizens’fundamental environmental rights and interests,specifically constitutional emission reduction obligations.Therefore,in order to effectively fulfill the national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations,it is necessary to clarify the legal basis of the national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations within the context of the dual carbon target;establish a collaborative framework involving government,enterprises,and social forces to provide institutional support for national greenhouse gas emission reduction;complete mandatory and incentive measures for greenhouse gas emission reduction;improve the responsibility mechanism for the implementation of national greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations to achieve the dual carbon target.