政策试点学习机制的逻辑样态与建构理路

The Logical Pattern and Construction Approach of Policy Pilot Learning Mechanism

政策试点作为中国“摸着石头过河”的方法论工具,有力推动了政策知识的创新与扩散,其中政府间的政策学习是关键传导性机制。依据学习主体、传递向度、生成路径、发生方式四个维度,政策试点的学习机制具体可划分为横向散射吸收机制与纵向聚焦吸纳机制。地方政府间强、弱向度的散射吸收机制,具体呈现为以多个试点为轴心的散点式、蛙跳式扩散的运行逻辑。中央政府借助“试对—提炼”“试错—归纳”的聚焦吸纳机制,汇聚地方智慧与偏误,强力规划政策方案,表现为自下而上的选择性整合逻辑。四类学习机制的建构耦合,需要合理疏导试点创新的梯次扩散效应,灵活运用试点变革的间断均衡功能,弥合修复试点创新面临的法理悖论。

As a methodological tool of China’s reform thinking for“crossing the river by feeling the stones”,the policy pilot promoted policy innovation and diffusion,in which intergovernmental policy learning is the key mechanism.According to different subjects,dimensions,paths,and modes of policy learning,the learning mechanism of policy pilot includes horizontal scattering absorption mechanism and vertical focusing absorption mechanism.The scattering absorption mechanism of local governments presents scattering and leaping diffusion with multiple pilot projects as the axis.With the help of a focusing absorption mechanism,the central government integrates pilot experience through bottom-up policy learning and promotes national policy diffusion.Thus,the pilot learning mechanism should promote the cascade diffusion effect of pilot innovation,promote the punctuated equilibrium function of pilot reform,and bridge the legal paradox of policy innovation.