某型船用增压锅炉燃烧后移原因及排除

Causes and elimination of combustion backward shift of a certain type of marine supercharged boiler

针对某船1号增压锅炉冒黑烟、排温高、水冷壁及蒸发管束结焦严重的现象,通过对该型锅炉燃烧原理和燃料油滴状态燃烧时效分析,发现主要问题在于燃料雾化不佳,存在炉内燃烧不完全、燃烧后移现象。根据问题导向,从锅炉配风器、喷油器工作机理研究分析,发现喷油器稳焰器发生形变,同时因配油器及增压涡轮控制系统问题,导致风油匹配不好、空气过余系数小,进一步影响炉内燃烧质量,通过检修相关部件,故障排除,1号锅炉正常工作。

Aiming at the phenomenon of black smoke,high exhaust temperature,serious coking of water wall and evaporation tube bundle in No.1 supercharged boiler of a ship,through the analysis of the combustion principle of this type of boiler and the combustion aging of fuel oil droplets,it is found that the main problems are poor fuel atomization,incomplete combustion in the furnace and backward combustion.According to the problem orientation from the analysis of the working mechanism of boiler air distributor and fuel injector,it is found that the flame stabilizer of the fuel injector is deformed.At the same time,due to the problems of the fuel distributor and the supercharged turbine control system,the air-oil matching is not good,and the air excess coefficient is small,which further affects the combustion quality in the furnace.Through the maintenance and troubleshooting of relevant components,No.1 boiler works normally.