8种除草剂的杂草防效及其对玉米、大豆的影响

Effects of 8 Herbicides on Weeds,Maize,and Soybean

为了筛选出适应于玉米—大豆带状复合种植模式的防效好、安全性高的除草剂产品,在慈利县长峪铺村开展了8种玉米茎叶处理除草剂对杂草的防效及其对玉米、大豆生长和产量影响的研究。结果表明:供试8种除草剂对玉米生长安全,除7号(玉清爽)除草剂的药效持效性不佳外,其他7种除草剂对杂草防除均具有较好的持效性,以8号(环黄酮·烟嘧·滴辛酯)除草剂表现最佳,在玉米收获期的株防效和鲜防效分别达95.53%和98.95%,其产量最高达8726.50 kg/hm^(2),比CK增产达19.4%;在供试的8种除草剂中,以7号和8号除草剂对大豆生长相对安全,其施药后20 d播种的成苗率分别比CK下降16.9%和13.8%,大豆产量分别比CK下降9.1%和1.5%,而施药后30 d播种的成苗率只分别比CK下降7.7%和6.6%,大豆产量只分别比CK下降2.8%和1.4%。因此,环黄酮·烟嘧·滴辛酯适宜于大豆—玉米带状复合种植模式中杂草的防除。

This study aims to screen out the herbicides with high efficacy and selectivity and suitable for the maize-soybean intercropping pattern.Field experiments were carried out in Changyupu Village of Cili County to study the weed control efficacy of 8 herbicides(No.1–8)and the effects of herbicides on the growth and yield of maize and soybean.The results showed that the 8 tested herbicides did not exert toxicity to maize.Except for Yuqingshuang(No.7),other 7 herbicides demonstrated good lasting effects.Among them,tembotrione·nicosulfuron·octyl(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate(No.8)exerted the best performance,with the plant and weight control efficacy of 95.53%and 98.95%,respectively,at the maize harvest stage.Moreover,the maize yield in this group reached 8726.50 kg/hm^(2),which increased by 19.4%compared with that of CK.Among the 8 herbicides,No.7 and 8 were safe for soybean.No.7 and 8 herbicides applied 20 days before sowing decreased the seedling establishment rate by 16.9%and 13.8%and the soybean yield by 9.1%and 1.5%,respectively,compared with CK.Furthermore,No.7 and 8 herbicides applied 30 days before sowing decreased the seedling establishment rate by 7.7%and 6.6%and the soybean yield by 2.8%and 1.4%,respectively.The research results suggested that tembotrione·nicosulfuron·octyl(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate was suitable for the weed control in the soybean-maize intercropping pattern.