珠江河口生境演变与生物变化趋势

Habitat evolution and biological trends in the Pearl River Estuary

珠江河口地处粤港澳大湾区的核心区域,是世界上生境结构最为复杂的河口区域之一,其生态系统具备高度的开放性、敏感性、脆弱性和较低的稳定性。随着粤港澳大湾区城市化进程和海洋经济的持续发展,人类活动对珠江河口生态系统的干扰日益加剧,河口生境结构和水生生物群落发生了巨大的变化。概述了珠江河口形态结构、水环境的变化,分析了人类活动和气候变化对珠江河口的影响,提出了珠江河口水生态系统保护建议,为珠江河口生态安全和粤港澳大湾区高质量发展提供战略参考。

The Pearl River Estuary,situated in the core area of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,stands out as one of the most complex estuarine habitats globally,characterized by a habitat structure that exhibits a high degree of openness,sensitivity,vulnerability,and relatively low stability.The escalating urbanization and continuous expansion of the marine economy in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have led to an increasing human impact on the Pearl River Estuary ecosystem.Consequently,substantial changes have occurred in the estuarine habitat structure and aquatic biological communities.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the morphological and water environment changes in the Pearl River Estuary,analyzing the influences of human activities and climate change,and presents recommendations for the protection of the aquatic ecosystem in the Pearl River Estuary.It provides strategic references for ecological security of Pearl River Estuary and high-quality development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.