基于广义费用的疏港矿石“公转铁”经济性研究

Study on Economy of“Transfer from Highway to Railway”by Port Ore Transportation Based on Generalized Cost

为贯彻落实运输结构调整的决策部署,加快推动大宗货物向铁路、水运转移势在必行。长期以来,集疏港物流研究中存在重视运费、装卸费等传统成本,而忽视运输时间、环境污染、碳排放、道路交通安全等非传统成本的问题,研究基于从港口至腹地企业全程各项物流成本的定量分析,建立疏港矿石运输系统广义费用模型。以唐山地区为例,选取18家有代表性的大型钢铁企业进行测算,如果采用广义费用计算,公路全程物流费用平均增加15.1元/t,铁路平均增加11.1元/t,平均差值为4.0元/t,可以在一定程度上缓解公铁运价的失衡。相关部门可以据此制订可操作的评价办法,对高污染、高能耗的公路运输进行补充收费,同时对铁路等低污染、低能耗的运输方式进行运价补贴,以提升铁路运输的竞争力。

In order to implement the Chinese government’s decision and deployment of transportation structure adjustment,it is imperative to accelerate the transfer of bulk goods transportation to railways and waterways.For a long time,there has been a problem in the research on port logistics that emphasizes traditional costs such as freight and loading and unloading fees,while neglecting non-traditional costs such as delivery time,environmental pollution,carbon emissions,and road traffic safety.Based on the quantitative analysis of various logistics costs throughout the entire process from the port to enterprises in the hinterland,this paper established a generalized cost model for the port ore transportation system.With the Tangshan area as an example,18 representative large steel enterprises were selected for calculation.If a generalized cost calculation was used,the average increase in the entire logistics cost of highways was 15.1 yuan/t,and the average increase in railways was 11.1 yuan/t,with an average difference of 4.0 yuan/t.This could alleviate the imbalance of railway and highway freight rates to a certain extent.Relevant departments can formulate actionable evaluation methods based on this,supplement fees for road transportation with high pollution and high energy consumption,and provide tariff subsidies for transportation methods with low pollution and low energy consumption such as railways,so as to enhance the competitiveness of railway transportation.