一例北极狐组胺中毒病例的诊治与临床分析

Diagnosis,treatment and clinical analysis of a case of histamine poisoning in Arctic fox

2022年7月份黑龙江省某养殖场的北极狐陆续出现食欲下降、呕吐及腹泻等症状,个别北极狐精神倦怠、食欲废绝、腹泻、粪便呈黑色、便血甚至死亡等。采用一般临床检查、实验室检查、病理解剖、现场调查等方式进行鉴别诊断,对自配料原料进行了检测,并进行了相应的治疗。结果表明:病狐食欲减退,毛质枯燥,腹部触诊未见明显异常;常见传染病抗原阴性,未见肠道寄生虫;病理解剖发现胃底黏膜严重脱落、出血明显,十二指肠出血、坏死,胰腺水肿、充血,脾脏充血,肾脏水肿,部分肺叶淤血及水肿。自配料原料鲐鱼中组胺含量为1.90 mg/g,确诊为北极狐组胺中毒。结合养殖场的实际情况,采取停止饲喂鲐鱼,肌肉注射西咪替丁,口服马来酸氯苯那敏等措施对中毒北极狐进行治疗,对北极狐群采取调整饲料配方、促进营养物质摄入等措施,成功地控制住了北极狐中毒。说明在使用自配料时应经常检查原料品质,避免发生群发性食物中毒。

In July 2022,Arctic foxes in a farm in Heilongjiang Province successively experienced symptoms of decreased appetite,vomiting and diarrhea,and some Arctic foxes suffered from mental fatigue,loss of appetite,diarrhea,black feces,blood in the stool and even death.General clinical examination,laboratory examination,pathological anatomy,on-site investigation and other methods were used for differential diagnosis,and the self-ingredient raw materials were tested and the corresponding treatment was carried out.The results showed that the sick fox had decreased appetite,dry hair,and no obvious abnormalities were found on palpation of the abdomen.Common infectious disease antigens were negative and no intestinal parasites were found.Pathological autopsy found severe detachment of the stomach fundus mucosa and obvious bleeding,duodenal hemorrhage and necrosis,pancreatic edema and hyperemia,spleen congestion,renal edema,partial lobar congestion and edema.The histamine content in mackerel from self-ingredient raw materials was 1.90 mg/g,which was confirmed as Arctic fox histamine poisoning.Combined with the actual situation of the farm,feeding mackerel stopped;intramuscular injection of cimetidine,oral chlorpheniramine maleate and other methods were used to treat poisoned Arctic foxes.Measures such as adjusting the feed formula and promoting nutrient intake for the Arctic fox herd had successfully controlled the poisoning of the Arctic fox.The results suggested that when using self-ingredients,the quality of raw materials should be checked frequently to avoid mass food poisoning.