碳纤维增强复合材料微波吸收性能研究进展

Progress on Microwave Absorption Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

传统的铁基复合材料和陶瓷基复合材料存在密度大、吸收性能差、吸收频带窄等缺点,在电磁波吸收领域应用受限。近年来,碳基复合材料具有密度低、电导率高等优点,成为备受关注的吸波材料。碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)作为一种轻质、高强度、高刚度和耐高温的材料,在吸波材料领域具有独特的优势。文章介绍了吸波材料的作用机理和电磁波损耗机理,并综述了近年来碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)吸波改性的研究进展。其中吸波改性主要分为两大类,一类是在材料基体中引入特殊的物质和结构,包括磁性金属改性、纳米改性、表面结构改性;另一类则是对材料表面进行涂层处理,包括复合涂层和梯度涂层。文章对CFRP吸波复合材料的发展趋势进行展望。

The electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities of conventional iron matrix composites and ceramic matrix composites are constrained by factors such as their high density,poor absorption efficiency,restricted absorption bandwidth,and other drawbacks.The low density and strong electrical conductivity of carbon-based composites have made them a wave-absorbing material of significant interest in recent years.Among them,carbon fiber reinforced composites(CFRP) have the potential for research and development in microwave absorption performance,and as a light weight,high strength,high stiffness and high temperature resistance material,they have unique advantages in the field of wave absorbing materials.The mechanism of absorbing materials and the mechanism of electromagnetic wave loss are introduced,and the research progress of absorbing modification of CFRP in recent years is reviewed.The wave absorption modification is mainly divided into two categories.One is to introduce special substances and structures into the material matrix,including magnetic metal modification,nano modification and surface structure modification.The other is to treat the material's surface with coatings,including composite coating and gradient coating.The development trend of CFRP wave absorbing composites is prospected.