微塑料对海洋生物的毒性效应及降解机制研究进展

Research Progress of Toxic Effects and Degradation Mechanisms of Microplastics on Marine Organisms

微塑料具有强稳定性、种类多、体积小等特点,影响海洋环境的安全与稳定。文章概述了微塑料的来源、类型、分布特征。论述了微塑料对藻类、浮游动物、鱼类及其他海洋生物的毒性效应,列举了相关实验方法和关键结论。归纳了光催化、热降解等非生物条件对微塑料降解的影响,分析了微生物作用下微塑料的降解效果。指出未来应加强探究微塑料对生物体的潜在危害,寻找合适的降解条件处理微塑料。

Microplastics have the characteristics of strong stability,large variety and small size,which affect the safety and stability of the marine environment.The source,type and distribution characteristics of microplastics are summarized.The toxic effects of microplastics on algae,zooplankton,fish and other marine organisms are discussed,and the relevant experimental methods and key conclusions are listed.The effects of non-biological conditions such as photocatalysis and thermal degradation on the degradation of microplastics are summarized.The degradation effect of microplastics under the action of microorganisms is analyzed.It is pointed out that in the future,we should strengthen the exploration of the potential harm of microplastics to organisms and find suitable degradation conditions to deal with microplastics.