变压器油爆炸作用下的消防设备抗爆实验研究

Experimental study on anti-explosion of fire-fighting equipment under the action of transformer oil explosion

为了研究变压器油爆燃特性和消防设备抗爆性能,开展了不同起爆药量和不同变压器油量下的消防设备抗爆实验,实验采用高速相机拍摄爆炸火球演变图像,利用3只压力传感器测量爆炸超压。实验结果表明,变压器油的爆炸超压时程曲线上可明显观察到4个超压峰值,分别为药包爆炸超压峰值、起爆药包爆炸后气体和油雾过膨胀诱导的负压峰值、反射波经过油雾衰减后的超压峰值及油雾爆炸超压峰值。随着变压器油量增加,变压器油雾爆炸火球的最大扩展半径增加,爆炸火球扩展速率则快速减小,消防水炮、消防水管和CAFS喷淋管位置的冲击波超压明显减小。由于起爆药量和变压器油量的限制,最大爆炸超压仅约30kPa,未导致消防设备明显损伤。

In order to study the deflagration characteristics of the transformer oil and the anti-explosion performance of the fire-fighting equipment, the anti-explosion experiments of the fire-fighting equipment were carried out with various initiating explosive masses and transformer oil volumes. A high-speed camera was employed to record the evolutions of fireballs, and three pressure sensors were used to measure explosion overpressures. The experimental results show that four overpressure peaks can be clearly observed on the explosion overpressure curves of transformer oil, which are the explosion overpressure peak of the explosive charge, the negative pressure peak induced by the overexpansion of gas and oil mist after the explosion of the charge, the overpressure peak of reflected wave attenuated by oil mist, and the overpressure peak induced by oil mist explosion. With the increase of oil volume, the maximum expansion radius of the explosion fireball increases, but the expansion rate of the explosion fireball decreases rapidly. A significant reduction of the overpressures of the shock wave at the fire monitor, fire hose, and CAFS spray pipe is found. Due to the limitation of initiating explosive mass and transformer oil volume, the maximum explosion overpressure was only about 30kPa, which does not cause obvious damage to the fire-fighting equipment.