蜕膜自然杀伤细胞在妊娠中的功能作用

Role of decidual natural killer cells in human pregnancy

妊娠是一个独特的免疫学过程。妊娠期间母体需要对胎儿携带的半同种异体抗原产生免疫耐受,以确保子宫内膜蜕膜化和早期胚胎发育,同时母体还抵御外来病原体对胎盘胎儿的感染侵袭,表明母体免疫微环境具有独特性能。孕早期免疫细胞的大量聚集是母体蜕膜组织的特征,占蜕膜细胞总数的40%,其中蜕膜自然杀伤(dNK)细胞占免疫细胞总数的近70%,意味着其在妊娠期间具有重要作用。最新的研究说明dNK细胞的异常与子痫前期、习惯性流产、胎儿生长受限等不良妊娠结局密切相关。

Pregnancy is a unique type of immunological process.During pregnancy,an orchestrated evolutionary maternal adaption toward tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus is required to ensure decidualization and early embryo development.Maternal decidual also protects against placental infection,while maintaining fetal tolerance,which means special functions of microenvironment in the decidua.In early pregnancy,the hallmark of the maternal decidua include the accumulation of immune cells that represent up to 40%of total decidual cells,in which decidual natural killer cells(dNK cells)account for almost 70%of the total tissue leukocytes[1],indicating that dNK cells play an important role during pregnancy.Recent advances in the field emphasize that desfunction of dNK cells have close relation with adverse pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia,recurrent spontaneous abortion and fetal growth restriction.