“小先生制”:话语生成、理论体系与时代展望——纪念陶行知创建“小先生制”100周年

Discourse Generation,Theoretical System and Prospect of“Little Teacher System”:Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of Tao Xingzhi’s Establishment of“Little Teacher System”

陶行知在平民教育运动中发现了“小先生”,进而通过乡村教育运动、普及教育运动、山海工学团等教育实践,历经11年,在1934年形成了完整系统的“小先生制”。“小先生制”作为中国原创的最能代表陶行知教育思想的教育理论和教育方法,不仅在国内产生了巨大影响,也迅速传播到海外,在美国、日本,在以印度为代表的发展中国家产生重要影响。“小先生制”有其独特的话语生成逻辑,也有非常严谨的理论体系。在新时代,我们继承和发展陶行知的“小先生制”,要注重继承陶行知“小先生制”的儿童观、知识观、学习观,彰显儿童主体地位,强调知识的公共属性,彰显教育的公共本质,创设基于合作、情境和分享的学习方式。

Tao Xingzhi created the concept“Little Teacher”in mass education movement and established complete and systematic“Little Teacher System”in 1934 through rural education movement,universal education movement and educational practice.As the most representative educational theory and method of Tao’s educational ideology,it has huge impact both domestically and internationally,exerting influence in the United States,Japan,and especially in developing countries represented by India.It has its unique discourse generation logic and rigorous theoretical system.In the new era,we should inherit and develop the system,including its views on children,knowledge,and learning,highlighting the dominant position of children,emphasizing the public attribute of knowledge,highlighting the public essence of education,and creating learning methods based on cooperation,context,and sharing.