美国教育研究的实证取向溯源——基于美国教育协会早期教育研究行动的考察

Origin of Empirical Orientation of American Educational Research:On Early Educational Research of National Education Association of the United States

美国教育研究的实证取向可以溯源至19世纪中后期。美国教育协会一经成立就立即尝试采用统计、调研等研究方法把握美国公共教育的实际状况。协会最初采用单一的数据统计方法,19世纪末开始热衷于频繁建立专门委员会并综合运用多种实证研究方法,20世纪初协会又通过成立并吸纳专门的教育研究机构,探索教育实证研究的多种路径。美国教育协会采取的系列研究行动属于早期或者探索性的教育实证研究,其鲜明的实证特征标志着美国教育实证研究的发端,且为美国教育实证研究嵌入了实用和实践的属性。

Empirical orientation of American educational research can be traced back to the middle and late 19th century.After National Education Association of the United States was established,it carried out educational research to grasp the actual situation of public education in the United States.At first,it adopted single statistical method.At the end of the 19th century,it began to establish committees and apply a variety of empirical research methods.At the beginning of the 20th century,it established and merged professional educational research institutions and practiced multiple paths of empirical research.Although its research is the early and exploratory educational empirical research,its distinctive characteristics still mark the beginning of empirical research in the United States and embed the attributes of practicality and practice in it.