乡村教师“乡贤化”的制度困境及其突围

The System Predicament and Its Breakthrough of Rural Teachers' “Township Virtuous”

我国有着久远的乡村塾师担当乡贤教化之责的传统,应鉴于目前乡村知识人群依旧稀缺的现状,在乡村振兴过程中,充分盘活乡村教师的人力资源优势,积极担当起“新乡贤”的身份职责。但我国教师队伍管理法规制度的有关限制和乡村教师队伍的素养现状,决定了乡村教师“乡贤化”将面临着建制性困境、管理性困境、认同性困境和专业性困境。应通过修订有关法律法规和制定权威指导性意见,来明确乡村教师“乡贤化”的身份限度、任务限度、时间限度和收益限度,进而厘清并界定乡贤教师的“作为限度”。应参照我国公职人员兼职管理的有关法规和管理制度,通过逐步建构组织领导机制、日常管理机制、申请审批机制、多元激励机制、监督考核机制、纠纷解决机制,来确保乡村教师“乡贤化”的工作质量。

China has a long tradition of rural teachers' serving as rural elites.In view of the scarcity of rural intellectuals at present,it is urgent to revitalize the advantages of rural teachers' human resources and encourage them to act as“new rural elites”in the process of rural revitalization.However,the professional quality of rural teachers is still relatively low,China still lacks relevant laws,regulations and management systems to support rural teachers' serving as new rural elites,which will inevitably face institutional,management,identity and professional dilemmas.In order to explicit rural teachers' identity limits,task limits,time limits and revenue limits,relevant laws and regulations must be amended,authoritative guidelines must also be formulated,and then the limits of doing things as rural elite teachers should be clarified and defined.In order to ensure the quality of rural teachers' serving as “township virtuous”,the supporting mechanisms such as leadership,daily management,application and approval,multiple incentive,supervision and assessment as well as dispute resolution must be constructed on the basis of referring to the relevant laws and regulations of civil servants' part-time work management.