岭南水乡传统聚落群文化生态特征及其空间区划——以杏坛水乡为例

Cultural Ecology Characteristics and Their Regionalization on Traditional Settlement Groups in Lingnan Waterfront:A Case Study of Xingtan Waterfront

岭南水乡传统聚落作为岭南文化的重要载体,蕴含着丰富的地域文化与生态营建智慧,具有珍贵的历史文化与科学价值。但多数对岭南水乡传统聚落的研究往往从单个聚落本体出发,并偏重于聚落物质空间,而忽视或轻描淡写了聚落间、聚落与外围自然环境等的整体性与关联性。然而在快速城镇化的影响下,岭南水乡传统聚落及其依赖的自然生态环境不断遭受隔离和侵占,对传统聚落文化景观的整体性、关联性及生态性带来了极大威胁,因此对其文化生态性进行研究具有重要意义。文章基于文化生态学的视角,以佛山市杏坛水乡为实证案例,探讨了岭南水乡特定地域传统聚落群的文化生态特征,并借鉴相关区划划分原则与方法,构建了杏坛水乡传统聚落群的文化景观空间区划,对杏坛水乡传统聚落群的保护与利用提出了若干思考,以期丰富与深化岭南水乡传统聚落及聚落群的既有研究。

As an important carrier of Lingnan culture,the traditional settlements of Lingnan Waterfront contain rich regional culture and ecological construction wisdom,and have precious historical,cultural and scientific value.Most of the studies on the traditional settlements in Lingnan Waterfront tend to start from the individual settlements,and pay more attention to the material space of settlements,while ignoring or underplaying the integrity and correlation between settlements,settlements and the external natural environment.However,under the influence of rapid urbanization,the traditional settlements and their dependent natural ecological environment are constantly isolated and invaded,which brings great threat to the integrity,relevance and cultural ecology of the traditional settlements.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the cultural ecology of the traditional settlements.Based on the perspective of cultural ecology and taking Xingtan Waterfront of Foshan City as an case study,this paper discusses the typical specific regional cultural ecological characteristics of traditional settlement groups,drawes lessons from the related regionalization principle and methods,constructs the cultural landscape regionalization of Xingtan Waterfront traditional settlement groups,and puts forward some thoughts on the protection and utilization,in order to enrich and deepen the existing research on the traditional settlements and settlement groups of the Lingnan Waterfront.