李小食心虫生物学特征研究

Biological characteristics of Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke

为了高效防控果园李小食心虫,本文研究了李小食心虫羽化规律、化蛹场所、成虫寿命、产卵习性等生物学特征,结果表明:在1天之中有40.39%的李小食心虫在上午8:00-12:00羽化,羽化后第4天成虫开始产卵,并有2个产卵高峰期,分别在羽化后第5~6天和第8~9天;雌成虫平均寿命为8.60~9.08 d,雄成虫为7.40~8.11 d,不同营养对成虫寿命无显著影响,但对产卵量有显著影响,取食10%蜂蜜水的雌成虫产卵量最高,平均达51.56粒/雌,与不取食的雌成虫产卵量有显著性差异;有83.34%的卵产在果实上,显著高于在其他部位的产卵量;产卵后第2天便有幼虫孵化,第3天的卵孵化率为43.81%,显著高于其他日龄卵的孵化率;有47.40%的幼虫在0~3 cm深土壤中化蛹,显著高于其他场所的化蛹量;6月之前幼虫没有滞育现象,7月上旬有53.58%的幼虫进入滞育。

In order to prevent and control Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke in orchards more efficiently,Plumage pattern,pupation sites,adult lifespan,egg-laying habit and other biological characteristics of G.funebrana were investigated.The results showed that 40.39%of G.funebrana were investigated emerged between 8:00 and 12:00 in one day.The adults started to lay eggs on the 4th day after emergence,and there were two peak egg-laying periods,on the 5th-6th and 8th-9th day after emergence,respectively.The average lifespan of female adults ranged from 8.60-9.08 d and male adults ranged from 7.40-8.11 d.There was no significant effect of different nutrition on adult lifespan,but there was a significant effect on egg production,with females feeding on 10%honey water producing the highest egg production,with an average of 51.56 eggs per female,which was significantly different from that of females not feeding.83.34%of the eggs were laid on the fruit,which was significantly higher than that laid on other parts of the fruit.The larvae hatch on the second day after egg laying,with a hatching rate of 43.81%on the third day,which is significantly higher than that of eggs of other ages.47.40%of the larvae pupated in the 0-3 cm soil,which was significantly higher than the pupation rate at other sites.There was no larval diapause until June,and 53.58%of the larvae entered diapause in the first ten-day of July.