《民法典》视域下体育活动侵权自甘风险规则的司法适用——扈某某诉张某甲、某体育文化公司等侵权责任纠纷案

Judicial Application of the Rules of Voluntary Risk of Sports Activity Infringement from the Perspective of the Civil Code——Case of Infringement Liability Dispute between Hu**and Zhang**and a Sports Culture Company

本案系《民法典》施行后,北京市第三中级人民法院适用《民法典》第1176条“自甘风险”规定审理的第一案。《民法典》首次从法律层面将自甘风险规则确定为阻却违法性事由,本案二审纠正了一审法院基于普通侵权案件判定各方承担赔偿责任的错误认识,亦没有适用公平分担损失规则在各方当事人之间进行司法调和,而是根据篮球训练的固有风险、当事人是否明知或应知该固有风险并自愿参加,以及活动组织者是否尽到安全保障义务等因素予以综合判断,最终准确适用《民法典》第1176条自甘风险条款并确立了相应的裁判规则。

This case is the first trial conducted by the Beijing Third Intermediate People's Court after the implementation of the Civil Code,applying the provisions of Article 1176 of the Civil Code on"self acceptance of risks".The Civil Code,for the first time,established the voluntary risk rule as a cause of obstruction of illegality from a legal perspective.The second instance of this case corrected the erroneous understanding of the first instance court in determining that all parties should bear compensation liability based on ordinary infringement cases,and did not apply the fair sharing of losses rule for judicial reconciliation between all parties.Instead,it was based on the inherent risks of basketball training,whether the parties knew or should have known of the inherent risks,and voluntarily participated.Based on factors such as whether the organizers of the event have fulfilled their safety and security obligations,a comprehensive judgment was made to accurately apply Article 1176 of the Civil Code's voluntary risk clause and establish corresponding judgment rules.