医学父权主义的二重性:历史、价值与规制方式

The Duality of Medical Paternalism:History,Value,and Regulatory Approaches

医学父权主义经常被理解为是一种无视患者尊严与权利的行为方式,但这种观点没有认识到医学父权主义可以分为独断的和慈爱的两大类型,前者是指医生在做出医疗决定时无视患者的意愿,而后者则指医生有意阻止患者的自我损害行为。医学父权主义理念具有悠久的历史,但只是到了近代后期才逐渐成为普遍的行为事实。独断的医学父权主义是恶的,而慈爱的医学父权主义则具有行善的属性。对于不同的医学父权主义应当采取不同的规制方式。

Medical paternalism is often understood as a behavior that disregards the dignity and rights of patients.However,this perspective fails to recognize that medical paternalism can be divided into two major types:autocratic and benevolent.The former refers to doctors ignoring the patient's will when making medical decisions,while the latter refers to doctors intentionally preventing the patient's self-harming behavior.The notion of medical paternalism has a long history but only gradually became a widespread reality in the late modern period.Autocratic medical paternalism is morally objectionable,while benevolent medical paternalism has a benevolent aspect.Different regulatory measures should be adopted for different types of medical paternalism.