“出生入死”:庄子的生死观及其生命伦理学意义

Going Through Life and Death:Zhuangzi's Views on Life and Death and Their Bioethical Significance

庄子对生命与生死的认知和思考,不仅在中国哲学史上具有极大的影响力,而且深刻地塑造了中国人的精神世界和生命世界。庄子以一种“出生入死”的方式来思考生命,建立了完整而系统的生死观,包括生死物化观、生死命定观、生死一体观、生死俱善观、生死顺化观及生死通达观六个方面。他的生死观从本体论、认识论、价值论三个层次展现出清晰的逻辑思辨力量。庄子的生死观对于建构当代中国生命伦理学具有非常重要的启示意义,可以帮助我们坚持生命伦理的终极关怀,以“道法自然”的方式来看待生老病死与养生之道,从而超越西方狭隘的生物医学伦理研究范式。

Zhuangzi's contemplation and understanding of life and death not only exert a profound influence on the history of Chinese philosophy but also deeply shape the spiritual and existential worlds of the Chinese people.Zhuangzi's approach to contemplating life is framed as"going through life and death",resulting in a comprehensive and systematic philosophy on the subject.This philosophy encompasses six aspects:the materialization of life and death,the predetermined nature of life and death,the inseparability of life and death,the inherent goodness of life and death,the harmonious transformation of life and death,and the holistic understanding of life and death.His views on life and death shows clear logical reasoning at the levels of ontology,epistemology and axiology.Zhuangzi's perspectives on life and death offer important insights for constructing contemporary Chinese bioethics,guiding us to uphold ultimate care for life ethics,adopt Taoist perspective−"following the nature"toward the cycles of birth,aging,illness,and death,and transcend the narrow paradigm of Western biomedical ethics research.