现代生物医学技术的“祛弱”合理性探析——以代孕为例

Rationality Analysis of"Dispelling Vulnerability"in Modern Biomedical Technology:Take Surrogacy as An Example

围绕现代生物医学技术所产生的“自主性”和“脆弱性”的伦理争议提示我们,其中存在着有待解决的“祛弱”问题。祛弱权在平等关照他人脆弱性的前提下,尊重个体的合理祛弱需求,以“个体祛弱”和“社会祛弱”为目的对技术的价值合理性提出道德要求。以代孕为例,在个体祛弱层面,医学目的的妊娠型代孕能够得到一定程度的道德和伦理支持。在社会祛弱层面,不管是商业性代孕还是利他性代孕,都缺乏必要且充分的现实条件,禁止商业性代孕、谨慎对待(医学目的的妊娠型)利他性代孕以维护弱者的尊严,这是代孕的价值合理性的根本体现。

Ethical debates surrounding the concepts of"autonomy"and"vulnerability"generated by modern biomedical technologies prompt us to address the unresolved issue of"dispelling vulnerability".The right of dispelling vulnerability respects individual's reasonable demand for dispelling vulnerability on the premise of equal consideration for the vulnerability of others,and puts forward moral requirements on the value rationality of technology with the purpose of"dispelling individual vulnerability"and"dispelling vulnerability in society".Taking surrogacy as an example,on the individual vulnerability level,medically-oriented gestational surrogacy can receive a certain degree of moral and ethical support.On the social vulnerability mitigation level,whether it is commercial surrogacy or altruistic surrogacy,lacks necessary and sufficient realistic conditions.Prohibiting commercial surrogacy and approaching altruistic surrogacy(aimed at gestational and medical purposes)with caution are essential measures to uphold the dignity of vulnerable individuals.This underscores the fundamental manifestation of the ethical value of surrogacy.