精神障碍者生育权的伦理辨析

The Ethical Analysis of the Reproductive Rights of Individuals with Mental Disorders

生育权作为基本人权融合了个体自主和社会责任。精神障碍者因其智力因素致使其生育权利备受质疑,遭遇功利主义和理性主义诘难,它们认为精神障碍者不能承担自己的生育责任,允许他们生育会减少社会福祉和降低社会幸福指数。功利主义将生育权利工具化会带来社会道德的滑坡,而自主的内在价值为证成精神障碍者生育权利提供根本辩护。精神障碍者生育权利的伦理难题在于生育的风险性、自主性缺失带来的生育“工具化”、自我权利与他者责任的不对称性,为超越对于精神障碍者生育权利的“制约性偏见”,需要糅合尊重主体的自主性和合理的家庭主义。

Reproductive rights,as fundamental human rights,integrate individual autonomy and social responsibility.Because of intellectual factors,individuals with mental disorders have been questioned about their reproductive right,and they have been criticized by"incompetence"(rationalism)and"uselessness"(utilitarianism).People with mental disorders cannot bear their own reproductive responsibilities,thereby reducing social well-being and social happiness index.Utilitarian instrumentalization of reproductive rights may lead to a moral decline in society,emphasizing the fundamental defense of the intrinsic value of autonomy for individuals with mental disorders.The ethical dilemmas of reproductive rights of individuals with mental disorders lies in the risk of reproduction,the instrumentalization of reproduction due to a lack of autonomy,and the asymmetry between self-rights and societal responsibilities.To overcome restrictive biases against the reproductive rights of individuals with mental disorders,a balanced approach that combines respect for individual autonomy and reasonable familial considerations is necessary.