基于“三生功能”的乡村植被分类与命名方案

A classification and nomenclature scheme for rural vegetation based on the ecological-production-living functions

乡村植被具有重要的生态、生产与生活功能(三生功能)。乡村植被分类是生产空间、生活空间和生态空间(三生空间)规划的基础,对美丽乡村建设和乡村振兴具有重要指导作用。目前国内的植被分类系统关于栽培植被的分类还不够完善,尤其是承载生活功能的绿地植被没有纳入分类系统中。为了科学开展乡村植被的分类与命名,本文通过梳理我国植被分类学的主要研究成果,重点针对乡村植被分类研究中比较薄弱的农业植被和绿地植被进行了深入研究和探讨,构建了1套包含9个分类等级单位的乡村植被分类系统。该系统基于“三生功能”,增设了绿地植被类型,将乡村植被划分为自然与半自然植被、农业植被、绿地植被3个植被类,每类植被进一步划分植被型组、植被型、植被亚型、群系组、群系、亚群系、群丛组、群丛8个分类等级。在此基础上,明确了各分类等级的划分依据与命名方法,并进行了举例说明,提出了乡村植被的分类与命名参考方案,将中国乡村植被划分为3个植被类、23个植被型组、66个植被型和142个植被亚型。本研究阐明了目前植被分类研究中各类植被定义界限不清、分类和命名比较混乱的问题,弥补了当前农业植被分类与命名存在的一些缺陷,填补了绿地植被分类研究的空缺,是对中国植被分类系统的补充与完善。研究结果可为乡村植被功能评价与保护管理、乡村空间规划等提供科学依据。

Agricultural intensification has simplified agricultural landscapes through the expansion of agricultural land,enlargement of field size,and removal of non-crop habitats.Rural vegetation is a key component of agricultural landscapes as it produces food,fiber and fuel,and performs ecosystem services,such as recycling of nutrients,regulation of microclimate,and local hydrological pro-cesses.Vegetation classification is the basis for surveying,monitoring,and managing rural vegetation.However,to date,green space vegetation,a cultivated vegetation type,has not been listed in the vegetation classification system of China,and little is known about its functional role in the production and regulation of rural landscapes.Here,we reviewed the literatures on different vegetation classi-fications in China and developed a renewal framework for rural vegetation classification systems.The system includes nine classifica-tion units.First,rural vegetation is classified into three vegetation categories:natural and semi-natural vegetation,agricultural vegeta-tion,and green space vegetation(level 0,the highest-level unit).Then,each of the highest-level units is classified into three upper level units(levels 1–3,including the vegetation formation group,vegetation formation,and vegetation subformation),three middle level units(levels 4–6,including the alliance group,alliance,and suballiance),and two lower level units(levels 7–8,including the as-sociation group and association).We clarified the division basis and nomenclature for each classification level unit with examples and proposed a reference scheme for the classification and nomenclature of rural vegetation.Following the common classification prin-ciple of“plant community ecology”,which is widely used in China,we revised the classification principles and nomenclature based on the functions of the three vegetation categories.Natural and semi-natural vegetation focus on comprehensive ecological conditions and community appearance;agricultural vegetation highlights the functional use,cultivation conditions,and farming system of crops;and green space vegetation focuses on landscape appearance and community assembly.Based on this scheme,rural vegetation in China is classified into three vegetation categories,23 vegetation formation groups,66 vegetation formations,and 142 vegetation sub-formations.Natural and semi-natural vegetation includes 6 vegetation formation groups(Forest,Shrubland,Herbaceous Vegetation,Desert,Alpine Tundra and Sparse Vegetation,and Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation),30 vegetation formations,and 81 vegetation sub-formations.Agricultural vegetation includes 13 vegetation formation groups(Food Crop,Vegetable Crop,Fruit Crop,Flower Crop,Oilseed Crop,Fiber Crop,Sugar Crop,Medicine Crop,Beverage Crop,Forage Crop,Tobacco Crop,Spice Crop,and Other Crops),23 vegetation formations,and 40 vegetation subformations.Green space vegetation includes 4 vegetation formation groups(Arbor Green Space,Shrub Green Space,Herb Green Space,and Wetland Green Space),13 vegetation formations,and 21 vegetation sub-formations.This study clarified the definition boundaries of different classification units and illustrated the nomenclature of various types of vegetation in current vegetation classification research.Thus,this study modified some shortcomings in the classification and nomenclature of agricultural vegetation and renewed the vegetation classification system of China by including green space vegeta-tion.The results of this study are beneficial for the protection,management,and spatial planning of rural landscapes.