曹丕《典论·论文》创作时间与目的再论:隐性互文视域的他文本观照

A Re-discussion of the Creation Time and Purpose of Cao Pi’s Treatise——The Reflection of Other Texts from the Perspective of Implicit Intertextuality

曹丕《典论·论文》前后文本在主题、情感上发生了突转。《论文》与曹丕《与王朗书》《又与吴质书》《自叙》及曹植《与杨德祖书》等他文本存在或矛盾、对立,或补充、印证的隐性互文关系,据此可推测《论文》前文作于建安二十一年太子之争时期,后文则为建安二十二年冬大疫之时或稍后补入。因写作时间、身份、处境不同,《论文》前后文的写作目的亦不同。《论文》前文实是对曹植党羽的驳斥,亦隐约表达了曹丕“通才”的自我期许。《论文》后文则体现了大疫刺激与身份、地位转变下曹丕对生命、事功的思考及对子书著述与“论”体写作的重视。当《论文》编入《典论》进入后世接受视野时,它成为具有普遍文学理论意义的完整文本。

Cao Pi’s Treatise includes two parts,the texts in the two parts have undergone a sudden shift in theme and emotion.Treatise has hidden intertextual relationships with Cao Pi’s Letter to Wang Lang,Letter to Wu Zhi,Self-narration,and Cao Zhi’s Letter to Yang Dezhu and other texts,which are either contradictory,opposing,or complementary and corroborating.It can be inferred that the former part of Treatise was written during the Prince’s Contention in the 21st year of Jian’an,while the latter part was added during or shortly after the winter plague in the 22nd year of Jian’an.Due to different writing time,identity,and situation,the writing purposes of the former and latter parts of Treatise are also different.The former part is a refutation of Cao Zhi’s followers,and vaguely expresses Cao Pi’s self-expectation of being a“generalist”.The latter part reflects Cao Pi’s reflections on life and achievements as well as his emphasis on the writing and the writing style of Treatise,under the stimulation of the plague and the change of identity and status.When Lunwen,the latter part,was incorporated into Dianlun and entered the acceptance of later generations,it became a complete text with universal literary theoretical significance.