通向共属的事件:对后期海德格尔论“语言本质”的一个诠释

To the Event of Co-ownership:An Interpretation of Heidegger’s Thought on“the Essence of Language”in the Later Period

后期海德格尔对语言问题的思考,包含着深刻的现象学关系。通过重构后期海德格尔对“语言本质”(Sprachwesen)的追问,概括出三个层次:语词的层次、本质的层次以及道说的层次。伴随着这三个层次的展开,依次疏解了海德格尔语言思想中三个不同层次的现象学关系,即语词与事物的关系、语言与本质化的关系以及道说与事件的关系。海德格尔语言现象学并不拘限于对语言自身的探问,而是力图揭示出规定着语言的源出之境。在这种探问中,海德格尔指出了说语言者与语言的所共属之域:聚合天、地、神、人四方的发生事件(Ereignis;event)。正是在共属的发生事件里,显现的基座被集置起来,而人也才能不断地作为说语言者“是”起来并且在语言的道说之中被更新。

Heidegger’s thinking on language in the later period contains a profound phenomenological relation-ship.Through reconstructing Heidegger’s questioning of“the essence of language”in the later period,this arti-cle summarized three levels:the level of words,the level of essence and the level of Saying.With these three levels,actually,there are three different phenomenological relationships,namely,the relationship between words and things,the relationship between language and essentialization,and the relationship between Saying and event.Based on this,it can be seen that Heidegger’s linguistic phenomenology is not limited to the thinking of language,but tries to reveal the boundary that regulates the origin of language.Furthermore,in this kind of thinking,Heidegger pointed out the mutual belonging relationship between language speakers and language.It is in the occurrence of co-belonging event that the pedestal of the manifestation is collected and put together,and human being can constantly rise and be renewed as language speakers.It can be said that Heidegger’s linguistic phenomenology has touched the core relationship of event phenomenology in the later period.