蚕豆产量组分的基因型与环境互作及稳定性分析

Analysis of genotype×environment interaction and stability of yield components in faba bean lines

本研究通过综合评价蚕豆品系产量性状在不同试点的丰产性、适应性和稳定性,筛选适应不同生态环境的产量性状稳定的优良品种(系)。同时评价各试点的区分力和代表性,为试点选择提供依据。2017年和2018年在甘肃和政县、康乐县、积石山县、渭源县、临夏县和漳县6个试点分别种植5个蚕豆品系0215-1-4(L1)、0208-3-1(L2)、0208-3-2(L3)、0323-2-1(L4)、0161-1(L5)与1个对照品种和政尕蚕豆(L6),收获时记录株高、株粒数、小区产量、株荚数、分枝数、百粒重。采用联合方差和GGE(genotype+genotypes and environment interactions,GGE)双标图对产量性状进行基因型和基因型与环境互作分析。联合方差分析表明,6个农艺性状的基因型除小区产量和株高基因型与环境互作效应无显著差异外,其余性状的基因型与×环境互作效应均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);除株高和株粒数基因型×年份互作效应达到极显著水平外(P<0.01),其余农艺性状×年份互作效应无显著差异。相关性分析表明,小区产量与株荚数和株粒数正相关,与株荚数显著正相关(P<0.05),与百粒重负相关。GGE分析结果表明,品种(系)的适应性、丰产性和稳定性以及试点的区分力和代表性均具有较高的GGE变异值,变幅在78.54%~97.38%之间。蚕豆品系L3在康乐县、积石山县、渭源县和临夏县试点的产量适应性均较高,在和政县试点2018年产量适应性最高;丰产性高的品种(系)依次为L3>L2>L6>L4,稳定性最高的品种(系)依次为L4>L1>L5>L3。试点的区分力依次为康乐县2017年、积石山县2017年和2018年,试点的代表性依次为渭源县2017年、康乐县2018年、积石山县2018年。高产且稳定的品系是L3和L4,结合试点的区分力和代表性,最理想的生态区试点是积石山县。本研究利用GGE双标图对甘肃蚕豆参试品种进行产量组分性状分析,为蚕豆品种综合评价提供参考。

The objective of this study is to evaluate the productivity components,stability,and adaptability of faba bean yield traits of advance lines in different pilots and select excellent lines adapted to different mage-environments.The representativeness and discriminating ability of each test-environment pilots were also evaluated,providing a basis for the selection of test-pilots.To measure plant height,grains of per plant,pods of per plant,the number of branches,100-grain weight,and yield of per plot,a total of five advance lines[0215-1-4(L1),0208-3-1(L2),0208-3-2(L3),0323-2-1(L4),and 0161-1(L5)]and one control variety Henzheng ga candou(L6)were planted in 2017 and 2018 in Gansu province insix pilots including Countries of Hezheng,Kangle,Jishishan,Weiyuan,Linxia,and Zhang.The genotype and genotype with environment interactions of yield were analyzed by the combined analysis of variance and GGE biplot.The plot yield and plant height had no significant difference in genotype and environment interactions effect,all the other yield components had significant differences(P<0.01)in genotype effect,environmental effect,and genotype and environment interaction effect.There were very significant differences between genotype and year interaction on the number of branches,pods of per plant,grains per plant,and 100-weight grain(P<0.01)while there was no significant difference between plant height and grains of per plant.The correlation analysis showed that yield of per plot was significantly at P<0.05 and positively correlated with pods of per plant,but negatively correlated with 100-grain weight.The GGE analysis demonstrated that the adaptability,yield,and stability of varieties(lines),as well as the ability of discrimination and the representativeness of pilots all had high GGE variation values,ranging from 78.54%to 97.38%.According to the adaptability analysis of faba bean varieties(lines),L3 had the highest yield adaptability in Kangle county,Jishishan county,Weiyuan county,Linxia county,and Hezheng county in 2018.According to the stability analysis,the varieties(lines)with the high yield in order were L3>L2>L6>L4,and the varieties(lines)with the high stability in order were L4>L1>L5>L3.The discriminating ability of the pilot was Kangle county in 2017,followed by Jishishan county in 2017 and 2018,and the representativeness of the pilot was Weiyuan county in 2017,followed by Kangle county in 2018 and Jishishan county in 2018.The lines with stable and high yield were L3 and L4.Combined with the ability of distinguishing and representativeness of the pilot,the most ideal mage-environment was Jishishan county.Based on GGE biplot data,faba bean with superior yield-trait components were identified in Gansu province and provided a reference base for comprehensive evaluation of faba bean varieties.