基于社会生态系统理论的慢性病空巢老人健康促进生活方式干预研究

A study of intervention strategies based on ecological systems theory on health-promoting lifestyle of empty nesters with chronic diseases

目的探讨基于社会生态系统理论的健康干预方式对社区慢性病空巢老人健康促进生活方式的效果。方法2021年3月—5月,选择某市2个相距较远社区的116名患有慢性病的空巢老人作为研究对象,试验组和对照组各58名。试验组采用基于社会生态系统理论的健康干预策略,主要包括发展个人兴趣爱好、实施“小丑医生”家庭访视进行微观系统层面的干预;通过家庭支持及邻里互助进行中观系统层面的干预;组建空巢老人健康俱乐部、开展健康讲座和测评、医保政策宣讲等进行宏观系统层面的干预。对照组实施社区常规护理。干预3个月后比较两组空巢老人的健康促进生活方式改善情况。结果干预后,试验组健康促进生活方式各维度得分及总分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于社会生态系统理论的干预策略能够提高社区慢性病空巢老人健康促进行为水平,助力其形成健康生活方式。

Objective To explore the effect of health intervention based on ecological systems theory on the health-promoting lifestyle of the community empty nesters with chronic diseases.Methods A total of 116 empty nesters with chronic diseases from two communities which separated from each other were selected as subjects from March 2021 to May 2021,with 58 cases in the control group and 58 cases in the experimental group.Health intervention strategy based on ecological systems theory was adopted in the experimental group,such as developing personal interests and implementing home visits of“medical clown”for micro-system level intervention.Meso-systemic intervention through family support and neighborhood assistance;Interventions were carried out at the macro system level,such as setting up health clubs for empty nesters,carrying out health lectures and evaluation,and publicizing medical insurance policies.Routine management was carried out in the control group.After 3 months of intervention,the health promotion lifestyle of the empty nest elderly in the two groups was compared.Results The scores of all dimensions and total scores of health-promoting lifestyle in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The intervention strategies based on ecological systems theory can improve the health-promoting behavior level of empty nesters with chronic diseases and help them form a healthy lifestyle.