人工智能的社会安全风险及其治理路径

The Social Security Risks of Artificial Intelligence and Its Governance Strategies

数字时代人工智能技术的飞速发展正在改造和重塑社会各个行业和领域,为人类的未来带来更大的不确定性。相较于其他现代技术,基于数字底座的人工智能表现出更强的迭代性、通用性、颠覆性和重塑性等特性,因此对经济社会产生更为广泛和深刻的影响。根据技术的实践性理论和风险社会理论,人工智能社会安全风险可以概括为源于技术本身的本体性风险、源于技术利用主体的主体性风险,以及在规模化应用中对社会群体产生影响的客体性风险。这种类型划分不仅印证了该技术社会影响的全面性,也揭示了风险生成的内在机理。为了构建负责任、有预见性的技术风险治理体系,应坚持以人为中心的发展思路、营造人文良善的技术生态、构建包容审慎的监管体系、形成多元共治的社会格局,以整体性的敏捷治理体系实现对技术风险的长效治理。

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology in the digital age is transforming and reshaping various industries and fields in society,bringing greater uncertainty to the human future.Compared with other modern technologies,artificial intelligence based on digital bases exhibits stronger characteristics of iteration,universality,subversion,and reshaping,thus having a broader and deeper impact on the economy and society.According to practical technology theory and risk society theory,artificial intelligence social security risks can be summarized as ontological risks originating from technology itself,subjective risks originating from technology utilization entities,and objective risks that have an impact on social groups in large-scale applications.This type of classification not only confirms the comprehensive social impact of this technology,but also reveals the intrinsic mechanism of risk generation.In order to build a responsible and predictable technology risk governance system,we should adhere to a people-centered development approach,create a humanistic and virtuous technology ecosystem,build an inclusive and prudent regulatory system,and form a diversified and co-governance social pattern,and achieve long-term governance of technology risks through a holistic agile governance system.