民国时期孔子嫡裔的“废封改任”

"Abolition of the Dukedom of Yanshenggong and Its Replacement with Worshiping Officer"of Direct Descendants of Confucius in the Republic of China

民国建立后,北洋政府保留孔子嫡裔“衍圣公”世爵,试图借助儒家符号提升自身统治合法性。南京国民政府初期,衍圣公名号因其封建属性引发新旧势力对垒与颉颃,其后在国民党实权派的干预下得以暂存。九一八事变后,南京国民政府最终以改衍圣公名号为“大成至圣先师奉祀官”的方式,将孔子嫡裔纳入现行政治体制。孔子嫡裔名号由爵位向职官的演变,既是民族危机与时局因素共同作用的结果,也是南京国民政府采用调和手段收拾人心的政治行为,其利用圣裔象征的政治意图甚于阐扬儒家文化本身。

After the founding of the Republic of China,the Beiyang government retained the hereditary title"Yanshenggong"of Confucius'direct descendants in an attempt to enhance its legitimacy by Confucian symbol.In the early days of the Nanjing Nationalist government,conflicts and confrontations between new and old factions arose due to the title's feudal connotation.It retained temporarily under the intervention of the Kuomintang's authoritarian faction.Following the September 18th Incident,the Nanjing Nationalist government ultimately incorporated the direct descendants of Confucius into the existing political regime by changing"Yanshenggong"to Dacheng Zhisheng Ancestor Worshiping Officer".The evolution of the title of direct descendants of Confucius from nobility to official status was a result of the combined action of national crises and contemporary circumstances.It was also a political maneuver of the Nanjing Nationalist government,which adopted a conciliatory approach in order to win popular support,with a greater political intent to exploit the symbol of the Holy Descendants for political purposes rather than preaching Confucianism itself.