任务治乡:乡镇治理现代化的组织重塑——基于清水乡的田野调查

Task-oriented Governance and the Organizational Reshaping for Modernization of Township Governance:A Field Survey in Qingshui Township

乡镇治理具有“任务治乡”的新特征,任务型组织成为完善乡镇治理体系的重要抓手和提升乡镇治理效能的重要组织形式。党的二十大强调,全面建设社会主义现代化国家,最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村。乡和镇是联系农村社会的行政体系的末端,现有关于任务型组织在乡镇治理场域的实证研究尚待补充。本文构建“制度环境-现实需求-行动逻辑-组织形态”的分析框架,对2017-2021年于江西省清水乡观察的“任务型组织常态化治乡”现象进行深描,旨在对乡镇治理中的任务型组织由临时性向常态化转向的外在表征、原因和结果进行学理性讨论。研究发现:任务型组织治乡日益走向常态化,表现为政策制定常态化、关注议题常态化和治理流程常态化;任务型组织能够有效适应乡镇治理的制度环境,动态回应乡镇治理的现实需求,良性契合乡镇治理的行动逻辑,具有适应性、回应性和契合性等特征。总体上看,任务型组织常态化治乡加强了党对乡镇治理的全面领导,激发了乡镇治理的内生活力,提升了乡镇治理的政策执行力,进而助推乡镇治理现代化。因此,任务型组织治乡并非消极的组织行动偏离,而是为实现乡镇治理现代化的积极的组织形态重塑。

Township governance embodies the new characteristic of“task-oriented governance”,and the task-oriented organizations have become an important approach to improving the township governance system and a relevant organizational form to enhance the effectiveness of township govermance.The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the most challenging and arduous tasks we face in building a moderm socialist country in all respects remain in rural areas.Township is the bottom of the administrative system in China which connects rural society,while the existing literature of empirical studies on the task-oriented organizations in the field of township govermance still needs to be supplemented.This paper constructs an analytical framework of“institutional environment-practical demand-action logic-organizational form”,and deeply describes the phenomenon of“normalization of township govermance by task-oriented organizations”observed in Qingshui Township,Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2021.The aim is to conduct a theoretical discussion on the external characteristics,reasons,and results of the transition from temporary design to normalization in terms of task-oriented organizations in township govermance.The results show that the task-oriented organizations are moving towards normalization in township govermance,manifested in the normalization of policy formulation,concerned issues,and governance processes.The task-oriented organizations can effectively adapt to the institutional environment of township governance,dynamically respond to the practical needs of township governance,and well align with the action logic of township govermnance,entitling it with characteristics such as adaptability,responsiveness,and compatibility.Overall,the normalization of township governance by task-oriented organizations has strengthened the comprehensive leadership of the CPC,stimulated the endogenous vitality,and enhanced the policy implementation ability,promoting the modermization of township govermance.Therefore,the normalization of township governance by task-oriented organizations is not a negative organizational action deviation,but a positive reshaping of the organizational form to achieve the modemization of township govermnance.