乡村持续发展中的“村社自主性”及其限度

Village Community Autonomy and Its Limits in Sustainable Rural Development

中国“三农”工作重心已从精准扶贫转向全面推进乡村振兴。新阶段新形势对乡村发展的持续性提出了更高要求。学界关于中国乡村建设经验的研究和比较视域下各国乡村盛衰的研究揭示了内生活力对乡村持续发展的重要性。其中,“村社自主性”强调立足于村社自组织性的资源交互能力,具有特定的理论价值和实践意涵。在乡村振兴中,村社从外部获取资源及与外部环境互动不可或缺,“村社自主性”强调的资源交互能力可进一步划分为资源消化能力与资源交流能力,前者侧重于资源内部化的有效性,后者聚焦于可获取的整体资源水平。通过对华溪村、木根村和中在村的追踪调查,本文研究发现:一方面,资源消化能力内含于村社自组织性,对乡村持续发展具有关键性作用;另一方面,资源交流能力不仅与村社自组织性有关,而且与政府资源配置、社会资源流动状况不可分割,这亦深刻影响乡村发展的持续性。因此,持续深入推进乡村振兴,需要在加强“村社自主性”建设的同时,注意到其限度,在中国式现代化进程中确保“村社自主性”建设与政府有力推动、城乡良性互动相统筹。

The focus of China's“San Nong”(agriculture,rural areas,and farmers)work has shifed from targeted poverty alleviation to the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization.The new stage and new challenges demand higher requirements for the sustainability of rural development.The studies on China's rural construction experiences and the rise and fall of rural areas in various countries reveal the significance of endogenous vitality for sustainable rural development.Among them,“village community autonomy”emphasizes the ability of resource interaction based on the self-organization of village communities,which has specific theoretical value and practical implications.In the context of rural revitalization,it is indispensable for village communities to obtain resources from and interact with the external environment.The resource interaction ability emphasized by“village community autonomy”can be further divided into resource digestive ability and resource exchange ability,where the former focuses on the effectiveness of resource internalization while the latter focuses on the overall level of available resources.Through tracking surveys of Huaxi Village,Mu Gen Village,and Zhongzai Village,this study finds that,on the one hand,resource digestive ability is inherent in the self-organization of village communities,which plays a critical role in the sustainability of rural development.On the other hand,resource exchange ability is not only related to the self-organization of village communities but also inseparable from government resource allocation and the flow of social resources,which deeply affects the sustainability of rural development.Therefore,to continue advancing rural revitalization,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of“village community autonomy”while acknowledging its limits,ensuring that the development of“village community autonomy”is coordinated with the strong government support and the positive interaction between urban and rural areas in the process of Chinese-style modermization.