城市洪涝韧性的研究进展及关键支撑技术综述

Advances in urban flood resilience study and its key supporting technologies review

【目的】在全球城市化率不断提高和气候变化的影响下,城市水安全受到严重威胁。韧性理念在全球水旱灾害管理领域逐渐得到认可,需要进一步明确城市洪涝韧性的内涵和评估体系等基础内容,为下一步开展城市洪涝韧性能力建设提供支撑。【方法】从韧性理念的历史沿革出发,对当前城市洪涝韧性的国内外研究工作和发展进行总结,对城市洪涝韧性的提出和发展、评价体系、韧性提升和影响机制等热点问题进行阐述,揭示了自然管控技术、地下空间保护、建筑自身和街区洪涝韧性提升、韧性效果评估等关键支撑技术,同时提出了城市洪涝韧性研究的基本模式。【结果】当前城市洪涝韧性研究还存在概念不清晰、缺乏客观统一的评价方式、韧性理念难以指导实践、影响机制研究较薄弱,城市韧性提升技术空间尺度不衔接等问题。【结论】未来的研究要进一步梳理城市洪涝韧性的理论框架,结合互联网、人工智能、大数据等先进技术,以实现城市韧性水平的不断提升。

[Objective]The influence of increasing urbanization rate and climate change leads to serious impacts on urban water security.The concept of resilience is gradually recognized in the field of global water and drought disaster management,and it is important to further clarify the connotation of the definition and assessment system of urban flood resilience so as to guide the practice.[Methods]Starting from the proposal of resilience concept and its development process,hot issues are elaborated such as the proposal and development of urban flood resilience,evaluation system,resilience enhancement and impact mechanism,and key supporting technologies are introduced such as natural control technology,underground space protection,building′s own flood resilience and neighborhood enhancement,resilience effect evaluation,etc.The basic mode of urban flood resilience research is also proposed.[Results]The current research on urban flood resilience still has problems such as unclear concept,lack of objective and unified evaluation method,difficult to guide practice of resilience concept,weak research on impact mechanism,and lack of connection between the spatial scale of urban resilience improvement technology.[Conclusion]To achieve the continuous improvement of urban resilience,future research should further sort out the theoretical framework of urban flood resilience,combined with advanced technologies such as the Internet,artificial intelligence,and big data,etc.